(A) Motor Learning

Question 1

what are the 3 different subsets of motor learning

Answer 1

CIMT (constraint induced)
task oriented
co-op

Question 2

what is motor learning

Answer 2

set of internal processes that lead to permanent change in capacity of skilled performance => reaquiring previously learned actions resulting from practice and repetition

must provide opportunity for feedback

Question 3

what type of treatment approach is motor learning: top down or bottom up

Answer 3

top down

Question 4

what are the 2 underlying theories of motor learning

Answer 4

1. dynamic system theory: that change in one domain will affect the other (ex: chging environment)
2. motor control: mvm is based on multiple systems (posture, mobility, fm, gm, environment, neuroplasticity)

Question 5

what are the requirement of motor learning?

Answer 5

• doing/practicing/learning
• goal set collab w client
• must be responsive to change in person, environem (grading) to max transfer

Question 6

what is feedforward motor control?

Answer 6

abstract sensation of what movement will feel like

Question 7

what is feedback motor control?

Answer 7

information on production of movement (internal or external) => from our own body

Question 8

what are the 5 motor learning principles?

Answer 8

1. cognitive (idea of mvm required but not sure how to execute it)
2. associative: skills become more refine w practice
3. autonomous: mvm is automatic, less cognitive effort (can do dual task)
4. practice and experience: alter mvm pattern thru interaction w environment
5. feedback integrated

Question 9

what is open loop motor skills of motor learning? give examples

Answer 9

skill is performed in changing, unstable environment (externally paced) => changes not predictable requiring adaptation => more effective for transfer of learning

ex: hockey, driving

Question 10

what is closed loop motor skills in motor learning? give examples

Answer 10

skill performed in stable predictable environment => self paced allowing for automatic feedback loop

ex: yoga, gymnastics

Question 11

what are the 3 different types of tasks in motor learning. describe each one and give an example

Answer 11

1. continous: no inherent start or finish as part of task (ex: walking)
   2, discrete: recognizable beginning and end (throwing a ball)
2. serial: set of discrete tasks (dressing)

Question 12

why should we maximize practice time in motor learning

Answer 12

• improved performance including transfer of learning to new activities within new settings

Question 13

what is intrinsic feeedback

Answer 13

through the doing => how it feels in body

Question 14

what is extrinsic feedback

Answer 14

can be verbal, visual, auditory, biofeedback about

1. knowledge of performance: info on quality of mvm process/attempt => helps them focus on features of performance that need improvement
2. knowledge of result: info about mvm outcome (ex: # repetitions achieved)
3. encourage self monitoring

Question 15

what is the difference between massed and distributed rest period?

Answer 15

massed - block of time, less rest period

distributed = more rest period, shorter

Question 16

what are the 2 types of order of mvm?

Answer 16

1. blocked = remains the same

2. random = changing order of mvm

Question 17

what are the 2 types of conditions of task?

Answer 17

variable (like changing size which can optimize transfer)

or constant

Question 18

what are the 2 types of amount of task practiced?

Answer 18

part or whole

Question 19

what is task oriented approach?

Answer 19

• motor learning approach but in the real world

- done in natural context, closest to actual occupations and movements are meaningful

Question 20

what are the 4 assumptions of task oriented?

Answer 20

1. functional task reorganize motor behavior (neuroplast)
2. motor learning behavior comes from interaction w real object/env/occupations
3. occ performance reflect attempt to acheive goal
4. exploration and practice enable solution finding to motor problems (multiple rpactices in mult env optimize transfer)

Question 21

what type of feedback should be given in task oriented?

Answer 21

1. intrinsic via sensory systems (ex: proprioception)

2. extrinsic: verbal feedback, demonstration during/after movement, encouragement, physical/visual prompts

Question 22

what type of feedback should be given in task oriented?

Answer 22

1. intrinsic via sensory systems (ex: proprioception)

2. extrinsic: verbal feedback, demonstration during/after movement, encouragement, physical/visual prompts

Question 23

why should feedback be given during task oriented

Answer 23

=> allows them to cognitively reflex on own progress and strength and challenge and problem solve to complete activity

Question 24

how do children and adult in the feedback they should receive

Answer 24

adult: sporadic feedback after delay = more effective
child: consistent feedback = more effective

Question 25

what is contraint induced movement therapy (CIMT)

Answer 25

• motor learning
• constraint movement of stronger side => encourage use of weaker arm to do daily activities
  = INTENSIVE task oriented training, practice, and coaching

Question 26

what does CIMT require? (5)

Answer 26

1. concentration
2. repetition
3. intensity
4. patient compliance and motivation
5. minimal cognitive impairment

Question 27

what is the frequency/intensity of CIMT?

Answer 27

• 90% of walking hours => 6 or more hours/day for 2 wk period (in clinic, at home….)