(A) Neurological Conditions Flashcards
what is multiple sclerosis
cause: immun system attacks nerve fibers myelin => difficult communication b/w brain and body
what are the body structures (ICF) of MS
brain
SC
structure of UE and LE
What are the body function of the MS (ICF)
- energy (fatigue)
- cognitive abilities: memory and attention function
- tremor, lack of coorination, undsteady gait
- numbness of weakness in one or more limb (m power, function, mobility of joint)
- m spasm, stiffness
what is parkinson’s disease?
when substantia nigra spontaneously and gradually breaks down => decrease in dopamine (needed for coordinate and smooth movement) => causing tremor
what are the body structures involved in PD (ICF)
- cns (substantia nigra)
- muscles
- muskuloskeletal system
what are the body functions of PD (ICF)
- tremor
- impaired balance, cooridnation
- stiffness in limb and trunk (increased muscle tone)
- bradykinesia (slowed movement)
- shuffling gait
What causes a TBI?
damage to brain caused by external force (blunt force, penetrating, stroke, seizure)
=> causes bleeding, swelling of brain, fracture skull, blood clot
What are the general symptoms/body functions of TBI
- fatigue, dizziness, headachie
- poor balance, coordination, endurance
- swallowing problem
- neglect, apraxia (difficulty knowing how to do common action)
- decreased jdugement
What is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
death of motor neurons in brain and spinal cord (can be dt genetics, sporadic)
what are the 3 functional stages of ALS
- early stage: fatigue, m cramping/stiffness/weakness, disability walking/swallowing, abnormal reflexes, shortness of breath
- disability stage: ADLs more affected, more limitation in walking/swallowing/speaking
- end stage: difficulty breathing (ventilator)
what is an ischemic stroke?
artery that supplies blood to brain is blocked by clot or fat or plaque => brain cant get oxygen and cells begin to die
what are the general symptoms/body functions of an ischemic stroke
- paralysis
- confusion, trouble speaking
- visual difficulty
- altered m tone
- loss of balance, coordination
- reduced sensation
what is a spinal cord injury (SCI)
damage to spinal cord d/t infection, trauma, arthritis, cancer (traumatic or non traumatic)
what is tetraplegia/quadriplegia, paraplegia
tertraplegia: arms, hand, trunk, pelvic organs affected, legs => whole body
parapelgia: lower body cant move
=> no motor or sensation
what is a complete vs incomplete sci
complete: full loss of sensory and motor below spinal cord level injury
- incomplete: part loss of sensory and motor
