Sensory Exam (eye & ear) Flashcards
myopia
nearsighted (can see near) wears concave glasses
hyperopia
farsighted (can see far) wears convex glasses
astigmatism
irregular shape of cornea (bent)
presbyopia
with age, people can’t see up close because the elasticity of the lens is decreased
what would qualify a person as legally blind
20/200 vision with glasses
what are special considerations when caring for a blind person
speak softly
be descriptive
help with hygiene
what is the leading cause of blindness in the US
diabetes
what classes of meds are used to treat glaucoma
beta blockers, miotics, prosteglandins, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics
what are side effects of pilocarpine
stinging, burning, itching, redness, swelling, headache
for how long should a patient take glaucoma meds
for life - unless there is surgery
what classes of meds or specific meds should be avoided if a patient has glaucoma
corticosteroids, antihistamines (benadryl), anti-cholinergic (atropine), decongestants, asthma meds
what are symptoms of chronic open angle glaucoma
decreased visual acuity and peripheral fields, photophobia (light sensitivity), no pain
which type of glaucoma is considered to be a medical emergency and what are symptoms
acute angle closure glaucoma
pain, blurred vision, steamy cornea, photophobia
what are symptoms of retinal detachment
flashes of light, sensation, foggy, cloudy loss of central vision, blurry
when an air bubble is inserted into the vitreous humor, what position must the patient stay in
lying down, non operative side of head on bed
what symptoms of cataracts
painless, blurred vision, double vision, glare, abnormal color, difficulty driving at night
what should be included in the diet to maintain eye health
fruit, vegetables, fish (vitamin A,C, Zinc)
what is treatment for cataracts
lens replacement - surgery
what are post op instructions for any eye surgery
prevent N/V, watch for increased P, cough and sneeze with mouth open, anti emetics
what is macular degeneration
progressive damage to macula of retina eventually causes blindness
what are symptoms of macular degeneration
can’t see central vision
what is vertigo
dizziness
what is tinnitus
ringing in ears
what common medication will cause tinnitus if there is an overdose
aspirin
what causes conductive hearing loss
wax, infection, fluid, punctured ear drum, tumors
how is conductive hearing loss treated
removal of wax, antibiotics, tubes for drainage, hearing aids
what causes sensorineural hearing loss
damaged cochlea, loud music, nerve damage
how is sensorineural hearing loss treated
amplification, hearing aid, cochlear implant
what causes central hearing loss
genetics, damage through trauma, infections, tumors
what is the weber test
tuning fork on top of head - same loudness in both ears
what is the rinne test
tuning fork behind ear on bone, then fork in front of ear - air conduction twice as long as bone conduction
what is a whisper test
whisper and have them say what you said
what is the most common cause of otitis externa
swimmers ear(bad water in ear that washes away protective layer of wax)
what are teaching points when discharging a patient with otitis externa
use ear plugs when swimming
don’t swim for 7-10 days
what is otitis media
inflammation of middle ear
what causes otitis media
infection travels up eustachian tube
what stabilizes air pressure in the middle ear
eustachian tube
what is otosclerosis
new bone forms along stapes - stapes becomes immobile
what are symptoms of otosclerosis
can’t hear low tones, tinnitus, pink - orange eardrum, hearing loss
what is treatment for otosclerosis
surgery, insert prosthesis stapes, hearing aid
what is post stapedectomy care
watch for dizziness, antie metics, avoid sneezing, no water in ear, precautions for light-headedness
what is acoustic neuroma
benign tumor on auditory nerve
how is acoustic neuroma treated
monitoring, surgery, radiation therapy
what is treatment for a bug in the ear
mineral oil to suffocate and remove bug
what is meniere’s disease
disorder of inner ear - overproduction of ear fluid called endolymph
what are symptoms of meniere’s diseases
vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss
treatment for meniere’s disease
diuretics, decrease Na, anti-vertigo, surgery, shunt, promethazine, limit movement
