GI quiz 1 Flashcards
What does digestion mean
breaking down
what does absorption mean
absorb nutrients to body
what does excretion mean
excreting feces
know which organs are contained in each quadrant
RUQ - liver, gallbladder
RLQ - appendix
LUQ - stomach, spleen
LLQ - rectum
know the pathway of food through the digestive tract including sphincters and valves
mouth - pharynx - esophagus - gastroesophageal sphincter - stomach - pyloric sphincter - duodenum - jejunum - ileum - ileocecal valve - cecum - ascending colon - transverse colon - descending colon - sigmoid - rectum - internal anus sphincter - anus - external anus sphincter
salivary glands
secrete amylase - in mouth - start digesting starch
pancreas
secretes amylase, lipase, tripsin in duodenum
gallbladder
secretes bile into duodenum
liver
bile into duodenum
what are enzymes in mouth and what do they digest
amylase - starch
what are the secretions in the stomach and what do these digest
hydrocholic acid - break down food into liquid - activates pepcin
Pepcinogin - Pepcin - digests protein
Lipase - digest fat
intrinsic factor - absorb B12
what are enzymes in small intestine and what do they digest
bile - emulsifies (breaks down) fat - brown poop
amylase, lipase, tripsin
What are the enzymes from the pancrease and what do they digest
amylase - starch
lipase - fat
tripsin - protein
What does bile do
emulsifies fat
What is the function of the small intestine
breaks down food - collect nutrients - absorb nutrients - lymph absorbs fat
What is teh function of the large intestine
reabsorb water , minerals, vitamins
when assess the abdomen what is the examination sequence
inspect - auscultate - plapate
what position should the patient be in for examination
supine - head, feet raised later
what is needed to absorb vitamin B12
intrinsic factor
what disease develops with the lack of vitamin B12
pernicious anemia
what teaching should be done before an MRI
no metal - pacemakers
claustrophobic (IV by gravity)
how would the nurse measure the abdominal girth
at belly button
>35in (females) > 40 (males) - risk factor for DM or CV disease
what would indicate normoactive, hypoactive, hyperactive bowel sound
5-30/minute
1-2/2 min
frequent/ loud
what is the main concern for a patient post liver biopsy
bleeding
what lab test should be performed pre-procedure
CBC - coagulation studies
after an upper GI endoscopy what should be checked before giving PO intake
gag relfex
what is the prep prior to a colonoscopy
cleaned out
NPO 8-12 hrs prior
what should a patient be instructed to do prior to a barium swallow test
NPO 8-12 hr before
no smoking 12-24 hr
clear liquid night before
low fiber diet
after tests using barium what are teaching points
white, chalky stool
increased fluids
take stool softeners
what tests are used to examine the GB
ultrasounds - oral cholecystography
what caused some alterations in stool color
iron - black
barium - white
what are some age realted changes in GI tract
decreased taste, weak gag relax, atrophy of intestines, faulty absorption of vitamins, slow fat absorption , decreased saliva
if a aptient is to have a fecal occult test what should they avoid prior to avoid a fals positive result
aspirin - NSAIDS- Iron - alcohol
If a patient has darker skin, where should the nruse assess for jaundice
sclera of eyes.
