Integumentary unit exam Flashcards
what is overgrowth of scar tissue called
keoid
what is stage I ulcer
intact skin, red, warm, blanched
what is stage II ulcer
break in skin - epidermis/dermis
abrasion, crater, blister
what is a stage III ulcer
full thickness - loss of hypodermis, deep crater
what is a stage IV ulcer
full thickness, bone, muscle showing, tunneling
what is contact dermatitis
direct contact with substance - allergic reaction - itchy rash
What is the other word for chronic dermatitis
eczema
what is psoriasis
skin disease where epidermal cells proliferate (increase) abnormally fast
what are symptoms of psoriasis
red papules - plaques, silvery scales, itchy, dry brittle hair
what are treatments for psoriasis
tub baths, steroids, Vitamin D cream, keratolytics, fish oil (topicals) UV light
what is herpes simplex
viral infection - direct contact - lies dormant in nerves
symptoms triggered by stressor (lesions)
what is herpes zoster
shingles - painful vesicle eruption along nerves - normally only one side
what causes herpes zoster
varicella virus
what are symptoms of herpes zoster
vesicles, bright red plaques, irritation, itching, fever, severe pain, malaise
what medication can be used for any type of herpes infection
cyclovir - acyclovir, valacyclovir
what is the cause of acne
hormones - androgens
what are some acne treatments
antibiotics, corticosteroids, estrogen therapy, vitamin A acid
what is isotretinoin
vitamin A derivative
how is Isotretinoin administered
Oral with food
what are some side effects of isotretinoin
dry skin, itching, dry nose, rash , nose bleeds, pregnancy category X
what is scabies
contagious itchy skin disease caused by burrowing mites
what are symptoms of scabies
bumps, redness, itching, black burrows (dots)
how is scabies spread
skin-skin contact
what is treatment for scabies
anti-parasitic, don’t get close contact with others, lidane cream, dry cleaning clothes
what is pediculosis
head lice
what are symptoms of pediculosis
itching, visible lice/nits in hair
how is lice spread
direct contact
what is treatment for lice
pyrethin - anti-parasitic
calamine lotion
wet combing
what is pemphigus
watery blisters on skin - autoimmune
what are 2 primary concerns when caring for a patient with pemphigus
fluid loss, pain, high calorie diet
what are priorities when caring for a burn victim
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
when should the nurse be concerned about inhalation burns
burn to head/neck
what are symptoms of inhalation burns
cough, shortness of breath, hoarseness, headache, burns to face/neck
superficial partial thickness burn
red, blanching, no cell death
blood flow maintained, blisters
sensitive to air, temperature, touch
deep partial thickness burn
red, no blanching
vasoconstriction, sludging of blood vessels
increased tissue edema,
fragile-painful-exposed nerve endings
full thickness burn
white, gray, no blanching
irreversible cell death (skin grafting needed)
no pain!
what are some main concerns of a patient with an electrical burn
cardiac function (arrythemias)
what are some topical meds used for burns
mupirocin, mafenide acetate, sulfadiazine
when are skin grafts necessary
hair follicles - stem cells destroyed
deep burn wounds
autograft
persons own skin
allograft
from cadaver of stem cells
slit graft
large area - laced
xenograft
from cows or pigs
what is a fast way to estimate the BSA of a burn
rule of 9’s
adult rule of 9’s
head -9 arm -9 arm -9 chest -9 abdomen -9 upper back -9 lower back -9 front left leg -9 front right leg -9 back left leg -9 back right leg -9
adult rule of 9’s
same as adult except
head -18
whole leg - 13.5 (front/back: 6.75)
alopecia
balding
bulla
fluid filled vesicle/blister > 1cm
confluent
lesions become merged
cyst
pouch of semisolid, solid, or liquid
dermis
middle layer of skin
discrete
separated lesions
epidermis
outer layer of skin
hypodermis
inner alyer of skin
keratitis
cornea becomes inflamed
macule
flat, colored bump < 1 cm
papule
solid raised lesion
plaque
raised lesion > 1 cm
pustule
pus filled bump
ulcer
open sore - dermis
vesicle
small blister - fluid filled - 1 cm
wheal
round - white in middle, red around it - hives!
what is open wound care and why is it not used as often
wound is left open - because of infection entering
