integumentary quiz Flashcards
what is the outermost layer of the skin called
epidermis
what are the 2 layers of the epidermis
stratum corneum - outer
stratum germinativum - inner
what cells secrete pigment and where are they located
melanocytes - stratum germinativum
what is the layer of the skin below the epidermis called and what does it contain
dermis: hair follicle, sweat gland, sebaceous glands, nerve endings, blood vessels
what is the layer of skin below the dermis
subcutaneous (hypodermis)
what is the subcutaneous layer made of
Adipose - cushion, insulate, energy, homeostasis, remp, metabolism
Areolar - WBC to fight pathogens
what is normal color of the skin
pink
what are the variations in color and what could this mean
cyanosis: blue - respirations
jaundice: yellow - liver, gallbladder
erythema: red - dilation, infection
pallor: pale - anemia, lack of blood flow
brown: addisons, peripheral vascular disease
UV rays allow the skin to begin manufacturing what vitamin
vitamin D
what is the hard protein in skin, hair and nails
keratin
what causes excessive facial hair growth on women
increased testosterone (androgens)
what would you see in the nails of someone who has chronic hypoxia
clubbing
what would you see in the nails of someone with endocarditis
splinter hemorrhages
what is the horizontal depression across a nail called
beau’s lines
what is a definitive test for cancer
biopsy
what is the difference between a patch test and a scratch tests and what are these tests used for
Patch: allergen on adhesive - 48-96 hr - observe for up to 5 days
Scratch: allergen is scratched into skin for immediate reaction - epinephrine and resuscitation available
To test allergies
what is a woods light examination and what is this used for
UV light - tinea (ringworm)
where should a nurse assess for skin turgor of the older adult
sternum
what types of medications are used for skin disorders
corticosteroids antihistamines antibacterial - bacteria antifungal - fungus antiviral - virus scabicides - scabies pediculicides - head lice local anesthetics
what route are the medications given
topically
macule
flat, colored, less than 1 cm
papule
solid, raised, less than 1 cm
ulcer
open sore to dermis
vesicle
blister, serous fluid, 1 cm
bulla
fluid vesicle or blister, greater than 1 cm
lichenification
thickening, hardening - caused by scratching
plaque
solid raised lesion, greater than 1 cm
cyst
pouch - has fluid or pus
wheal
round - white in middle, red around outside
fissure
crack to deris - continuous drying or inflammation
scale
dry, dead, cracked - cradle cap
ecchymosis
blue, black, brown bruising
what does discrete mean
separated - distinct
what does confluent mean
lesions merge so discreet aren’t visible
what does linear mean
lesions form a line
what does arciform mean
lesions for arcs or curves
what does reticular mean
lesions form a mesh like network
what does annular mean
arranged in single circle
what does radiation mean
loss of heat from environment
what does conduction mean
loss of heat by cold objects touching skin
what does convection mean
heat loss by moving air close to body - fan
what does evaporation mean
loss of moisture to air
what are some skin changes as we age that affect temperature control
fragile thin skin, decreased fat, decreased sweat glands, decreased collagen
what is the name for a hive like skin rash
wheal
