GI quiz 2 Flashcards
gastritis, gastrectomy, and gastric bypass all place a patient at risk for a deficiency in which nutrient
Vitamin B12
what is the complication from these surgeries above when food goes too quickly into the small intestine
Dumping syndrome`
what are symptoms of dumping syndrome
confusion, anemia symptoms (pernicious- no intrinsic factor)
what are ways to avoid this from happening
small meals, eat slowly, no water, lie down after meals, decrease carbs, increase protein
what are treatments for gastritis
bland diet, antacid, PPI, antiemetics
what are some teaching tips for a patient with a hiatal hernia
small meals, antacids, avoid bedtime snacks, spicy foods, smoking, caffeine, alcohol, elevate head of bed
why is vomiting especially dangerous to younger children
aspiration
what are symptoms of gastric cancer
abdominal pain, N/V, anorexia, hematemesis, belchinig, tender abdomen
if a patient has a radical neck dissection surgery what are some main post op concerns
airway management, nutrition, body image
what are some safety precautions when taking care of a client with a tube feed
semifowlers at all times
what is the most common cause of peptic ulcers
bacterium H. pylori
what are treatments fo ulcers
antibiotics, antacids, H2 receptor blockers, antiemetics bland diet
what is the most definitive way of diagnosing cancer and how is this usually done in the GI tract
biopsy -oscopy
what are common causes of esophageal cancer
irritation from tobacco and alcohol
what types of medications cannot be given through a tube feed
enteric coated - extended release
when checking residual of a tube feed how much is too much and the next feeding would be held and the Dr notified
100 mL or more
why is it important to do this2
not digesting tube feed - so don’t give more
bright blood in vomit
hematemisis
dark blood in vomit
coffee grounds
bright blood in stool
hematochezia
dark blood in stool
melena
what are some treatments for constipation
fluids, fiber, stool softeners
what are some symptoms of appendicitis
extreme pain, fever, guarding RLQ, increased wBC
what are symptoms of peritonitis
RIGID ABDOMEN, pain, rebound tenderness, decreased peristalsis
what are symptoms of IBS
gas, bloating, constipation, depression, palpitations, diarrhea
what are treatments of IBS
increase fiber, small frequent meals, stress management, antidepressant, antispasmodics
when taking a corticosteroid what are some concerns
teach patient not to cold turkey it
what is a bulk forming laxative
absorb water - more fecal mass - slow action - magnesium sulfate, metamucil, methycellulose
what is a stimulant laxative
irritate bowel to increase peristalsis - cause cramping depletes fluid and electrolytes - senna , bisacodyl , castor oil
how does mineral oil work
lubricates stool - no absorption
what do NSAIDS do to the stomach lining
blocks prostaglandins - decrease the mucus lining of the stomach and could result in stomach ulcers.
what is the main problem when a large part of the small intestine is removed
can’t absorb nutrients
what is needed from the stomach to absorb vitamin B12
intrinsic factor
what is the main post op concern with a liver biopsy
bleeding
why should antacids and laxatives be given separately from other meds
inhibits the absorption of other meds
what are symptoms of chron’s disease
weight loss, fatigue, fever - caucasian, jewish, smoker
H2 receptor antagonist
ranitidine, famotidine, cimetidine, - decreases acid
proton pump inhibitor
omeprazole, pantoprazole, - blocks what produces HCL
antacids
tums, milk of magnesia, mylanta
emetics
syrup of ipecac, charcoal
anti-emetics
dexamethasone, promethazine, onodansetron
anti-diarrheal
bismuth subsalicylate(pepto bismol), loperamide
laxative
stimulant: bisacodyl, castor oil, senna
Bulk forming: psyllium mucilloid, methylcellulose, calcium polycarbophil
