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Med Surg 3 > GI Unit Test > Flashcards

GI Unit Test Flashcards

1
Q

How is hepatitis A and E transmitted

A

fecal - oral

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2
Q

How is hepatitis C and B transmitted

A

blood and body fluids

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3
Q

There is a vaccine for which of the Hepatitis forms

A

Hepatitis A and B

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4
Q

What is the dose schedule for Hepatitis B

A

3 doses - 0 - 1 - 6 months apart

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5
Q

What is cirrhosis

A

progressive replacement of healthy liver tissue with scar tissue

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6
Q

what are early symptoms of cirrhosis

A

enlarged, firm, hard

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7
Q

what are late symptoms of cirrhosis

A

shrinks, scar tissue, gray

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8
Q

What is lactulose (Cephulac) and what is its action

A

synthetic sugar - laxative - ammonium reducer

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9
Q

How is ascites removed

A

paracentesis

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10
Q

what causes esophageal varices

A

cirrhosis

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11
Q

What medications are commonly given for esophageal varices

A

vasoconstrictors

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12
Q

What is hepatic encephalopathy

A

loss of brain function when damaged liver can’t remove toxins from blood

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13
Q

Symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy

A

forgetful, confused, sweet smell, shaking hands, slurred speech

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14
Q

What is the treatment for liver cancer

A

surgery - chemotherapy

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15
Q

What are symptoms of pancreatitis

A

abdominal pain, hypotension, respiratory distress, N/V, tachycardia, jaundice, steathorrea

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16
Q

What blood test is used to help diagnose pancreatitis

A

amylase or lipase - 3x normal

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17
Q

If a patient is receiving TPN, what should be checked regularly

A

blood sugar

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18
Q

What are the 4 exocrine products of the pancreas and what do these do

A

amylase - carbs (starch)
lipase - fat
trypsin - protein
bicarbonate juice - neutralize stomach acid

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19
Q

What are risk factors for pancreatic cancer

A

high fat diet, smoking, diabetes, alcohol, pancreatitis

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20
Q

What are symptoms of peritonitis

A

RIGID ABDOMEN, pain, rebound tenderness

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21
Q

What are symptoms of impaction

A

pain, liquid stool, N/V, bloating

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22
Q

What is a symptom of perforation

A

severe pain, chills, fever, N/V

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23
Q

What is diverticulosis

A

out pouches in sigmoid colon

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24
Q

what is diverticulitis

A

inflamed out pouches in the colon

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25
Q

What are teaching points for a patient with diverticulosis

A

high fiber, don’t eat seeds

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26
Q

What is a hernia

A

small intestine bulges into peritoneum

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27
Q

what are risk factors for colon cancer

A

tobacco, alcohol, smoking

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28
Q

What are characteristics of a normal healthy stoma

A

red, shiny, moist

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29
Q

What determines the type of effluent from a colostomy

A

where in the colon it is - proximal or distal

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30
Q

What is docusate sodium (Colace)

A

Laxative

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31
Q

What can taking NSAIDS cause in the GI tract and how

A

blocks prostaglandins - decreases mucus lining of stomach - could result in stomach ulcers

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32
Q

What is the name of old dark blood in stool

A

melena

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33
Q

What vitamin is deficient when the stomach is completely or partially removed

A

Vitamin B12

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34
Q

What are teaching points for a patient trying to avoid dumping syndrome

A

small meals, eat slowly, no water with meal, like down after eating, decrease carb, increased protein

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35
Q

What order should the abdomen be assessed

A

Inspect - Auscultate - Palpation - Percussion

36
Q

What is the most common cause of peptic ulcers

A

H. Pylori bacteria

37
Q

Describe active, hypoactive, and hyperactive bowel sounds

A

active: 5-30/min
hypoactive: 1-2/min
hyperactive: frequent - loud

38
Q

Antacids

A

Mylanta - Tums - Milk of Magnesia

39
Q

Anti-emetics

A

Ondansetron - Dextromethasone - Promethazine

40
Q

Emetics

A

Syrup of ipecac - charcoal

41
Q

H2 blockers

A

Ranitidine - Amotidine

42
Q

Stimulant Laxatives

A

senna - castor oil - bisacodyl

43
Q

Bulk forming laxatives

A

psyllium - methylcellulose

44
Q

Proton Pump inhibitors

A

Omeprazole - Pantoprazole

45
Q

Ascites

A

excess fluid in abdomen

46
Q

Asterixis

A

tremor of hand when wrist is extended

47
Q

Anasarca

A

swelling of whole body due to edema

48
Q

encephalopathy

A

brain disease that alters brain function/structure

49
Q

fetor hepaticus

A

musty sweet breath odor with portal hypertension

50
Q

hepato-renal syndrome

A

impaired kidney function due to advanced liver disease

51
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of liver

52
Q

jaundice

A

yellow skin due to excessive vilirubin

53
Q

portal hypertension

A

persistant BP elevation in portal circulation

54
Q

steatorrhea

A

fat in stool

55
Q

flatulence

A

gas

56
Q

varices

A

dilated veins

57
Q

Cullen’s sign

A

purple discoloration around umbilicus

58
Q

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

A

laparoscopic removal of gallbladder surgery

59
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gallbladder

60
Q

pruritis

A

itchy skin

61
Q

eructation

A

belching

62
Q

cholelithiasis

A

formation of gallstones

63
Q

Turner’s sign

A

purple discoloration of flank

64
Q

bilirubin

A

yellow compound that breaks down the “heme” of hemoglobin

65
Q

melena

A

old blood in stool

66
Q

hematochezia

A

new blood in stool

67
Q

hematemesis

A

new blood in vomit

68
Q

Different causes of jaundice

A

hemolytic: excess destruction of RBC
hepatocellular: liver disease - cannot clear bile
obstructive: block an exit of bile between liver and small intestine

69
Q

How does liver disease affect medication administration

A

medication becomes toxic - build up in system

70
Q

What is fulminant liver failure

A

acute liver failure - sudden massive loss of liver tissue

71
Q

What area are these substances secreted into

A

duodenum

72
Q

What is an ERCP

A

scope that goes into duodenum - puts dye in backwards and looks at cystic duct

73
Q

What structures are visualized with an ERCP

A

gallbladder - pancreas

74
Q

What is the main reason an NG tube is inserted post abdominal surgery

A

to rest the stomach - low intermittent suction

75
Q

What type of effluent would occur from an ileostomy

A

liquid

76
Q

What is a double barrel colostomy

A

2 stoma’s - when it heals - put ends back together

77
Q

How often should stool from a continent ileostomy be emptied

A

every 6-8 hours

78
Q

what can happen to blood sugar when TPN is removed too quickly

A

blood sugar drops

79
Q

Prostaglandin-like drugs

A

misoprostol (cytotec)

80
Q

Prostaglandin inhibitors

A

NSAIDS - aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen

81
Q

Murphy’s sign

A

press on right side below ribs - can’t breathe in…very painful

82
Q

colic

A

GI pain that comes and goes in waves.

83
Q

Symptoms of dehiscence

A

Open wound, pain at wound site, bleeding from wound

84
Q

symptoms of evesceration

A

intestines come out

85
Q

Where is duodenal pain felt

A

umbilicus

Med Surg 3 (9 decks)

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