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Med Surg 3 > Med Surg Final > Flashcards

Med Surg Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the treatment for anthrax

A

antibiotics - penicillin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin

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2
Q

antiemetics

A

promethazine, dexamethasone, ondansetron

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3
Q

emetics

A

syrup of ipecac, charcoal

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4
Q

How to check for placement of an NG tube

A

inject air, and listen for placement with stethescope

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5
Q

When do you hold tube feeding

A

100 mL or more

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6
Q

How should the head of the bed be for a tube feed person

A

semi fowlers

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7
Q

Post op abdominal surgery nursing care

A

splint incision, bowel sounds, gag reflex, bleeding, pain control

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8
Q

signs and symptoms of appendicitis

A

RLQ pain, guarding, rebound tenderness

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9
Q

Post op care for appendectomy

A

pain, bleeding, gag relfex

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10
Q

what complications to watch for post op appendectomy

A

infection - bleeding

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11
Q

with a gastrectomy or gastritis - what vitamin will be lacking and why

A

B12 - not enough intrinsic factor

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12
Q

what condition would not enough B12 cause

A

Pernicious Anemia

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13
Q

Treatment for pernicious anemia

A

B12 injections

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14
Q

symptoms of Pernicious anemia

A

confusion, anemic symptoms, sweating

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15
Q

gastric ulcer

A

open sore in stomach

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16
Q

GERD

A

stomach contents comes up into lower esophagus irritates it and causes heart burn

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17
Q

hiatal hernia

A

part of stomach pushes up through diaphragm

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18
Q

What is the most common cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers

A

H. pylori bacteria

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19
Q

What is the treatment for gastric and duodenal ulcers

A

antibiotics - antacids

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20
Q

If metronidazole (flagyl) is used what special instructions would you give the patient

A

don’t drink alcohol

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21
Q

What medications are used to treat GERD

A

Antacid - counteracts effects of stomach acid
PPI - decreases acid release in stomach
Antidiarrheal - reduces frequency and urgency of bowel movements

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22
Q

what is dumping syndrome

A

food goes down to intestines very fast

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23
Q

What is the cause of dumping syndrome

A

gastrectomy

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24
Q

symptoms of dumping syndrome

A

flushing, N/V, tachycardia, abdominal pain

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25
Q

cause of esophageal varices

A

cirrhosis -severe liver scarring

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26
Q

treatment of esophageal varices

A

vasoconstrictors

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27
Q

action of vasopressin

A

constriction of blood vessels

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28
Q

symptoms of esophageal varices

A

bloating, bleeding, melena, hand tremors

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29
Q

what type of effluent comes from each ostomy

A

ileostomy - liquid

colostomy - formed

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30
Q

symptoms of impaction

A

liquid stool, pain, urge to defecate, N/V, headache

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31
Q

treatment for diarrhea

A

BRAT diet, pedialyte, fluids, electrolytes

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32
Q

meds for diarrhea

A

loperamide, bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismol)

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33
Q

treatment for constipation

A

fiber, exercise, fluids

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34
Q

meds for constipation

A

laxatives - senna - docusate sodium - psyllium - bisacodyl

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35
Q

what is crohn’s disease

A

chronic inflammation of digestive tract lining

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36
Q

surgical treatment for crohn’s disease

A

bowel resection

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37
Q

what is intussception

A

intestine telescopes itself

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38
Q

what is volvulos

A

intestine twists

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39
Q

what is diverticulitis

A

inflamed outpouches in the sigmoid colon

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40
Q

common cause of diverticulitis

A

constipation - eating seeds

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41
Q

symptoms of ulcerative colitis

A

abdominal cramps - pain - rectal bleeding - blood diarrhea

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42
Q

symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome

A

gas, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, depression, palpitations

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43
Q

treatment for Irritable bowel syndrome

A

increase fiber - small meals - stress management

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44
Q

when should an abdominal hernia be considered an emergency

A

when it doesn’t go back inside after lying down or with pressure

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45
Q

symptoms you should observe for emergency hernia

A

fever, chills, N/V, blood stool

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46
Q

what foods can people with celiac disease not have

A

gluten

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47
Q

what are normal functions of the liver

A

produces bile, metabolism, filters out toxins, gets rid of ammonia

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48
Q

symptoms with liver failure

A

jaundice, confusion, increased ammonia, increased PT

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49
Q

How are hepatitis A and E transmitted

A

fecal - oral

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50
Q

how are hepatitis B and C transmitted

A

blood and body flulids

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51
Q

melena

A

old blood in stool

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52
Q

hematochezia

A

new blood in stool

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53
Q

hematemesis

A

new blood in vomit

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54
Q

cause of pancreatitis

A

heavy alcohol use - gall stones

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55
Q

what meds would you give for pancreatitis

A

H2 blockers

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56
Q

typical labs ordered for pancreatitis

A

serum amylase 3X normal

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57
Q

what is the cause of gallbladder diseaese

A

gallstone stuck in biliary duct

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58
Q

symptoms of gallbladder disease

A

pain RUQ, N/V, fever, chills, jaundice

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59
Q

post op care for gallbladder disease

A

bleeding/ infection

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60
Q

tests for hearing acuity

A

weber test - tuning fork on head - same sound in both ears
rinne test - tuning fork behind ear on bone - in front of ear - air conduction twice as long as bone conduction
whisper test - whisper - see if they heard what you said

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61
Q

How would you document normal pupils

A

PERRLA - pupils equal round reactive to light accommodation

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62
Q

vision assessment

A

snellen chart

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63
Q

what do the numbers on a snellen chart mean

A

20/20 client sees at 20 ft what normal vision would see at 20 feet
20/100 client sees 20 ft normal 100 feet

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64
Q

what instructions would you give a patient after experiencing eye trauma

A

patch both eyes

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65
Q

visual disturbances with glaucoma

A

can’t see peripheral - only central vision

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66
Q

visual disturbances with macular degenereation

A

only peripheral - central blacked out

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67
Q

visual disturbances with retinal detachment (diabetic retinopathy

A

blurry with spots

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68
Q

visual disturbances with cataracts

A

blurry

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69
Q

cause of conjunctivitis

A

bacteria

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70
Q

treatment for conjunctivitis

A

antibiotics

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71
Q

nursing care for vision impaired

A

plate compare to clock - talk when entering room

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72
Q

nursing care of the hearing impaired

A

talk low pitch - slowly - clearly

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73
Q

otitis externa

A

painful infection of outer ear

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74
Q

symptoms of otitis externa

A

redness, warmth, pain itching, pressure

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75
Q

teaching for otitis externa

A

use ear plugs when swimming, don’t swim for 7-10 days

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76
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of middle ear

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77
Q

what are symptoms of Meniere’s disease

A

vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

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78
Q

treatment of Meniere’s disease

A

diuretics, surgery, promethazine (antivertigo), not highly stimulating areas, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

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79
Q

what is otosclerosis

A

new bone forms along stapes - stapes becomes immobile - hearing loss

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80
Q

meds that dilate pupil

A

mydriatic

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81
Q

meds that constrict the eye

A

miotics

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82
Q

cause of glaucoma

A

increased pressure

83
Q

acute open angle glaucoma

A

no symptoms until vision loss has occurred

84
Q

closed angle glaucoma

A

caused by sudden increase in pressure in eye

85
Q

goal of meds and surgery in glaucoma

A

decrease pressure

86
Q

what type of eyedrops are typically given for glaucoma

A

miotic - pilocarpine

87
Q

what medications/ eye drops should be avoided

A

corticosteroids, antihistamines, anticholinergics (atropine), decongestants

88
Q

procedure for adult ear drops

A

pull ear up and back

89
Q

procedure for kids ear drops

A

pull ear down and back

90
Q

procedure for eye drop administration

A

pull down lower eyelid and drop into lower conjunctiva

91
Q

Right eye

A

OD

92
Q

Left eye

A

OS

93
Q

Right ear

A

AD

94
Q

Left ear

A

AS

95
Q

both eyes

A

OU

96
Q

both ears

A

AU

97
Q

what is the expected treatment for a severe allergic reaction

A

epinephrine

98
Q

what should the nurse have on hand when a patient is undergoing allergy testing

A

epinephrine

99
Q

what does histamine do

A

sympathetic nervous system - fight or flight

100
Q

what is an autoimmune disease

A

your immune mistakes your body as foreign and starts destroying it

101
Q

symptoms of hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

itching, redness, warmth, hives

102
Q

nursing care for hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

stop immediately
check vitals
maintain IV access
call doctor

103
Q

what vitamin is needed to absorb Calcium

A

vitamin D

104
Q

what vitamin is needed to absorb Iron

A

Vitamin C

105
Q

Name some corticosteroids

A

hydrocortisone, prednisone, methylprednisone

106
Q

what are the side effects/health effects of corticosteroids

A

moon face, hump neck, weight gain, facial hair, increase blood sugar, osteoporosis, cataracts

107
Q

what are special instructions would you give to a patient taking corticosteroids

A

don’t discontinue abruptly

108
Q

how is HIV transmitted

A

blood and body fluids

109
Q

how is it not transmitted

A

contact, hugging, shaking hands, sharing dishes, closed mouth kissing, mosquitos, ticks

110
Q

how can HIV be prevented

A

abstinence - condoms - don’t inject drugs

111
Q

what precautions would you use when caring for an HIV infected patient

A

cook produce completely - contact precautions

112
Q

what are HIV meds

A

antiretroviral - zidovudine

113
Q

what is the most common cuase of death

A

Aids - pneumonia

114
Q

what teaching instructions would you give to AIDs patient regarding what to avoid

A

cook produce completely

115
Q

nursing measures to administer topical meds

A

on skin

116
Q

side effects of accutane

A

dry mouth, cracked lips, itchy, dry nose, nose bleeding

117
Q

pregnancy category of accutane

A

category X

118
Q

macule

A

flat colored spot

119
Q

papule

A

solid raised lesion

120
Q

vesicle

A

fluid filled blister < 1 cm

121
Q

pustule

A

pus filled

122
Q

bulla

A

fluid filled vesicle > 1 cm

123
Q

wheal

A

red around - white in middle - hives

124
Q

lichenification

A

caused by itching - thick leathery patches of skin

125
Q

crust

A

scab

126
Q

plaque

A

raised lesion > 1 cm scaly, crust

127
Q

cyst

A

pouch of semi solid, solid, liquid fluid

128
Q

fissure

A

split - crack in skin

129
Q

ulceration

A

opened sore - dermis

130
Q

erythema

A

red - dilation, infection

131
Q

jaundice

A

yellow - liver gallbladder

132
Q

cyanosis

A

blue - lungs

133
Q

pallor

A

pale - anemia, lack of blood flow

134
Q

what is herpes zoster

A

shingles

135
Q

symptoms of herpes zoster

A

vesicles, bright red plaques, irritation, itching, fever, pain

136
Q

treatment for herpes zoster

A

rest - anti viral - control nerve pain

137
Q

symptoms of tinea infections

A

itching, stinging, blisters, red scaly rash

138
Q

locations of tinea

A

pedis - foot
cruris - groin
capitis - scalp
corporis - body

139
Q

complications of burns

A

ABC

140
Q

Rule of 9’s what percentage does each body part represent

A

9%

141
Q

what percentage does the palm represent

A

1%

142
Q

symptoms of inhalation burns

A

cough, shortness of breath, hoarseness, headache, face - neck burn

143
Q

if a patient has any injury to an extremity what should the nurse alwasy assess

A

6 P’s

pulse, pallor, paresthesia, pain, paralysis, poikilothermia

144
Q

For osteoporosis, what medication stops the resorption of bone and increases the build up of bone

A

calcitonin

145
Q

symptoms of gout

A

stiff joints - pain - redness

146
Q

what lab test suggests the presence of gout

A

high uric acid - urine test

147
Q

typical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

A

joint pain, fatigue, anemia, malaise

148
Q

Aspirin are often used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. what is the main sign of salicylate (aspirin) toxicity

A

tinnitus - ringing in ears

149
Q

symptoms of fat embolism

A

shortness of breath, tachycardia, hypoxia, confusion

150
Q

care of client in traction

A

weights are hanging freely

151
Q

cast care

A

don’t put anything in cast - don’t get wet

152
Q

foods to avoid with gout

A

alcohol - red meats

153
Q

management of client with bursitis

A

exercise - NSAIDS - RICE - rest, ice, compression, elevation

154
Q

symptoms of osteoarhritis

A

pain, joints swelling, stiffness

155
Q

what is osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone caused by infection

156
Q

which bioterrorism agent can only be transferred between humans

A

small pox

157
Q

morbidity and mortality of botulism is usually because of

A

respiratory distress

158
Q

when is it acceptable to irrigate and lavage NG tube

A

when it’s clogged

159
Q

which fluid to irrigate NG tube with

A

NS

160
Q

symptoms of hemorrhagic shock

A

tachycardia, hypotension, weakness, decreased H & H, decreased LOC

161
Q

Different colors- drainage from wounds

A

serous - clear
serosanguinous - pink
sanguinous - red (blood)

162
Q

which skin lesions should be investigated for possible malignancy

A 
Asymmetrical
Border irregular
Color
Diameter
Elevation - evolution
black
163
Q

which WBC is most common cause of leukemia

A

lymphocyte

164
Q

symptoms of leukemia

A

decreased WBC

165
Q

treatment of leukemia

A

chemotherapy - blood transfusion - stem cell transplant

166
Q

care of client with lumbar puncture

A

flat on back - drink before and after

167
Q

care of client with meningitis

A

droplet precautions

168
Q

care of client experiencing a seizure

A

don’t restrain - keep safe - document

169
Q

care of client with parkinsons

A

special silverware, no rugs on floor, no cords dragging on floor - easily fall

170
Q

symptoms of intercranial pressure

A

headache, confusion, N/V, decreased LOC

171
Q

care of someone with increased ICP

A

sedation - drain CSF

172
Q

What is guillain barre syndrome

A

immune system attacks nerves - leads to weakness and eventually paralysis - need a blood transfusion

173
Q

cause of multiple sclerosis

A

autoimmune

174
Q

care of client with Bells Palsy

A

PT test, artificial tears, corticosteroids

175
Q

care of client with spinal cord injury

A

keep still - move as a whole

176
Q

Diet and care of client with iron deficiency anemia

A

orange juice (vitamin C) - fiber - ferrous sulfate

177
Q

Treatment plan for a client with sickle cell anemia

A

blood transfusion

178
Q

Normal levels of INR if patient is on Warfarin (Coumadin)

A

2-3

179
Q

Normal INR if patient isn’t on Warfarin (Coumadin)

A

1-2

180
Q

Normal PTT

A

25-35 sec

181
Q

Reversal agent for Heparin

A

Protamine Sulfate

182
Q

Methods of birth control for a female

A

condoms - hormonal birth control

183
Q

which birth control is most effective

A

abstinence

184
Q

symptosm of prostitis

A

urgency - frequency - low back pain

185
Q

symptoms of BPH

A

increased urination - frequency - nocturia - weak urine stream

186
Q

different types of shock

A 
Hypovolemic: sudden loss of fluid
Cardiogenic: HA - inflamed heart
Obstruction: Obstruction in blood vessel
Distributive: Anaphylactic: allergic
Septic: infection
Neurogenic: CNS damage
187
Q

symptoms of shock

A

tachycardia - hypotension - tachypnea - weakness - pale - cool skin

188
Q

symptoms of myocardial Infarction

A

angina - shortness of breath - dizzy - nausea

189
Q

care of person with a heart aneurysm

A

maintain BP

190
Q

what causes atherosclerosis

A

high BP - smoking - high alcohol

191
Q

symptoms of right sided heart failure

A

ascites - JVD - edema

192
Q

symptoms of left sided heart failure

A

crackles - pink frothy sputum - fatigue

193
Q

when should clients with infective endocarditis take antibiotics

A

dental procedure - surgery

194
Q

what is the history of a person diagnosed with rheumatic fever

A

strep

195
Q

what instructions would you give a client on using an incentive spirometer

A

take a deep breath - make ball high for as long as possible

196
Q

best time for postural drainage

A

before meal - on an empty stomach

197
Q

symptoms of laryngeal cancer

A

hoarseness for over 2 weeks

198
Q

care of client with thyroidectomy

A

thyroid replacement hormone

199
Q

symptoms of type 1 diabetes

A

increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision

200
Q

what causes type 2 diabetes

A

kiet - lifestyle - exercise

201
Q

symptoms of of hypoglycemia

A

confusion, dizzy, sweating, hungry

202
Q

wymptoms of hyperglycemia

A

polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, headache, fruit smelling breath

203
Q

what is the function of the parathyroid gland

A

controls the body’s calcium levels

Med Surg 3 (9 decks)

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