Sensory and Motor Systems: Hearing, Touch, Smell, and Taste Flashcards
The sense of hearing.
audition
Sound Reflection Is Used in ______
Echolocation
We use the sense of audition, or hearing, to _____
to identify objects in the environment and to determine where objects are in relation to our bodies.
The height of a periodic curve measured on its vertical axis.
Amplitude
The number of cycles of a periodic wave per unit of time.
Frequency
A unit used to express a difference in intensity between two sounds.
Decibel (dB)
A unit of sound frequency equal to one cycle per second.
Hertz (Hz)
The quality of a sound that distinguishes it from other sounds of the same pitch and volume.
Timbre
Sound at frequencies above the range of human hearing, or higher than about 20,000 Hz.
Ultrasound
Sound at frequencies below the range of human hearing, or lower than about 20 Hz.
Infrasound
The components that make up the ear are generally divided into three parts:
The Outer, Middle, and Inner Ear.
The visible part of the outer ear.
Pinna
A tube-shaped structure in the outer ear that leads to the tympanic membrane.
Auditory canal
forms the boundary between the outer ear and middle ear.
Tympanic membrane, or eardrum
A membrane that forms the boundary between the middle and inner ears.
Oval window
The bones of the middle ear.
Ossicles
3 parts of ossicles
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
The purpose of these bones in the middle ear is to ______
transfer sound energy from the outside air to the fluid in the inner ear without losing too much of it.
The protective restriction of the movement of the tympanic membrane and the ossicles, resulting in a reduction of sound to the inner ear by a factor of 30 dB.
Acoustic reflex
two muscles in the middle ear
1.Tensor tympani
2.Stapedius
The _____ contains two sets of fluid-filled cavities embedded in the temporal bone of the skull.
inner ear
The fluid-filled _____ contains specialized receptor cells that respond to the vibrations transmitted to the inner ear.
cochlea
The cochlea is about ____ long and ____ in diameter. When rolled up like a _____, the human cochlea is about the size of a ____. (“____” in Greek)
32 mm, 2 mm, snail shell, pea, snail
Cochlea’s three parallel chambers:
Vestibular canal
Tympanic canal
Apex