Intro to I/O Flashcards
branch of psychology that applies the principles of psychology to the workplace
Industrial/Organizational Psychology
purpose of I/O psychology
to enhance the dignity and performance of human beings, and the organizations they work in, by advancing the science and knowledge of human behavior
training programs and incentives & motivation and emotion.
Psychology of Learning
work groups and understanding employee conflicts.
Social Psychology
difference of I/O Psychology to Business Progs
application of psychological principles is what best distinguishes I/O psychology from related fields typically taught in business colleges.
Major fields of I/O Psychology, 2 approaches
Industrial and Organizational Approach
focuses on determining the competencies needed to perform a job, staffing the organization with employees who have those competencies, and increasing those competencies through training.
Industrial Approach
creates an organizational structure and culture that will motivate employees to perform well, give them the necessary information to do their jobs, and provide working conditions that are safe and result in an enjoyable and satisfying work/life environment.
Organizational Approach
The field of study that concentrates on the selection and evaluation of employees.
Personnel Psychology
The field of study that investigates the behavior of employees within the context of an organization.
Organizational Psychology
A field of study concentrating on the interaction between humans and machines.
Human factors/Ergonomics
Year Walter Dill Scott published The Theory of Advertising
1903
Year Walter Dill Scott published Increasing Human Efficiency in Industry
1911
Year Hugo Munsterberg published Psychology and Industrial Efficiency German ver
1910
Year Hugo Munsterberg published Psychology and Industrial Efficiency
1913
Published The Theory of Advertising and Increasing Human Efficiency in Industry
Walter Dill Scott
Published Psychology and Industrial Efficiency
Hugo Munsterberg
When did I/O Psych made its first big impact?
World War 1
Seldom used term prior to World War 1
Industrial Psychology
Common terms used to refer to I/O Psych in World War 1
Economic, Business, Employment Psychology
Why were I/O Psychologists employed during World War 1?
test recruits and then place them in appropriate positions.
How did I/O Psychologists accomplished the testing during World War 1?
Army Alpha and Army Beta tests of mental ability.
used by the army for soldiers who can read.
Army Alpha
used by the army for soldiers who cannot read.
Army Beta
pioneer in behaviorism and developed perceptual and motor tests for potential pilots
John Watson
responsible for increasing the efficiency with which cargo ships were built, repaired, and loaded
Henry Gantt
(not a psychologist) created a 163-item knowledge test
Thomas A. Edison
Two of the most interesting figures in the early years of I/O psychology and are scientists to improve productivity and reduce fatigue by studying the motions used by workers.
Frank Gilbreth and Lillian Moller Gilbreth
As a couple, they had 12 children, and the efficiency methods they used to raise their children while having busy careers were the inspiration for the book and the movie ____
Cheaper by the Dozen
Frank’s death and age of death
1924, 55
In ____, Lilllian became a ____ at _____, the first woman to hold such a position.
1935, professor of management and engineering, Purdue University
Hawthorne studies were published
1930s
initially designed to investigate such issues as the effects of lighting levels, work schedules, wages, temperature, and rest breaks on employee performance.
Hawthorne studies
When employees change their behavior due solely to the fact that they are receiving attention or are being observed.
Hawthorne effect
Year where passage of several major pieces of civil rights legislation focusing on the attention of HR professionals on developing fair selection techniques. The need for I/O psychologists greatly increased and were also characterized by the use of sensitivity training and T-groups (laboratory training groups) for managers
1960s
strides in the understanding of many organizational psychology issues that involved employee satisfaction and motivation.
1970s
Four major changes to I/O psychology in 1980s and 1990s
1.Increased use of fairly sophisticated statistical techniques and methods of analysis.
2.A new interest in the application of cognitive psychology to industry.
3.Increased interest in the effects of work on family life and leisure activities.
4.I/O psychologists took a renewed interest in developing methods to select employees.
Rapid advances in technology. Many tests and surveys are now administered on the Internet
2000s
Other Factors Impacting Current I/O Psychology
Diversity, Global Economy, High unemployment rates, Family-friendly work policies
Job Titles of I/O Psychologists
- Compensation manager President
- Consultant Professor
- HR director Trainer
- HR generalist Training coordinator
- HR representative Training manager
I/O psychologists typically work in one of four settings:
Colleges and Universities, Consulting Firms, Private Sector, Public Sector
