Research in I/O Psych

Question 1

Why Conduct Research?

Answer 1

Answering Questions and Making Decisions, Research and Everyday Life, Common Sense Is Often Wrong

Question 2

research ultimately saves organizations money. These monetary savings can result from many factors, including increased employee satisfaction, increased productivity, and fewer accidents.

Answer 2

Answering Questions and Making Decisions

Question 3

Understanding research helps you to critically listen and analyze results of these studies to make more intelligent decisions.

Answer 3

Research and Everyday Life

Question 4

Unfortunately, common sense is not so common and is often wrong.

Answer 4

Common Sense Is Often Wrong

Question 5

Considerations in Conducting Research:

Answer 5

Ideas, Hypotheses, and Theories

Question 6

Ideas, Hypotheses, and Theories Step 1

Answer 6

Decide WHAT to Research

Question 7

an educated prediction about the answer to a question.

Answer 7

hypothesis

Question 8

prediction is usually based on a ____

Answer 8

theory

Question 9

Once a research idea has been created, the next step is to search the literature for similar research.

Answer 9

Literature Reviews

Question 10

if the question you are interested in answering has already been researched in __ studies, it is probably ____ for you to conduct a new study.

Answer 10

20, not necessary

Question 11

Literature reviews can be conducted in many ways such as:

Answer 11

1.Online/Electronic Database
2.Internet
3.Periodicals

Question 12

Types of Periodicals

Answer 12

Journals, Trade Magazine, Magazines

Question 13

A written collection of articles describing the methods and results of new research.

Answer 13

Journals

Question 14

A collection of articles for those “in the biz,” about related professional topics, seldom directly reporting the methods and results of new research.

Answer 14

Trade magazines

Question 15

An unscientific collection of articles about a wide range of topics.

Answer 15

Magazines

Question 16

The ____ contains a wealth of information on just about every topic.

Answer 16

Internet

Question 17

Location of the Study

Answer 17

Laboratory and Field

Question 18

are conducted under controlled conditions, in which the researcher manipulates the independent variable (IV) to measure the effect on the dependent variable (DV).

Answer 18

Laboratory Research

Question 19

Disadvantage of laboratory research

Answer 19

external validity, or generalizability.

Question 20

Disadvantage of laboratory research where the extent to which research results can be expected to hold true outside the specific setting in which they were obtained.

Answer 20

External validity

Question 21

Disadvantage of laboratory research where the extent to which research results hold true outside the specific setting in which they were obtained.

Answer 21

Generalizability

Question 22

research conducted in a natural setting as opposed to a laboratory.

Answer 22

Field research

Question 23

What field research obviously gains in external validity it _______ that are not of interest to the researcher (internal validity).

Answer 23

loses in control of extraneous variables

Question 24

The formal process by which subjects give permission to be included in a study and subjects participate in studies of their own free will.

Answer 24

Informed Consent

Question 25

Type of research method to use:

Answer 25

1.Experiments 2.Quasi-experiments, 3.Archival research 4.Observations 5.Surveys and; 6.Meta-analyses

Question 26

The most powerful of all research methods because it is the only one that can determine cause-and-effect relationships.

Answer 26

Experiments

Question 27

Two characteristics define an experiment:

Answer 27

manipulation and random assignment

Question 28

The manipulated variable in an experiment.

Answer 28

Independent variable

Question 29

The measure of behavior that is expected to change as a result of changes in the independent variable.

Answer 29

Dependent variable

Question 30

In an experiment, the group of subjects that receives the experimental treatment of interest to the experimenter.

Answer 30

Experimental group

Question 31

A group of employees who do not receive a particular type treatment.

Answer 31

Control group

Question 32

Research method in which the experimenter either does not manipulate the independent variable or in which subjects are not randomly assigned to conditions.

Answer 32

Quasi Experiments

Question 33

Research that involves the use of previously collected data.

Answer 33

Archival Research

Question 34

Archival research has many desirable features, such as not being obtrusive or expensive, but it also has severe drawbacks.

Answer 34

1.Records in files are not always accurate and are not always kept up-to-date. 2.Furthermore, the type of data needed by a researcher may not be in the archives because the data were never recorded in the first place.

Question 35

to ask people their opinion on some topic.

Answer 35

Surveys

Question 36

Surveys can be conducted via a variety of methods such as

Answer 36

mail, personal interviews, phone, email, and the Internet.

Question 37

Well-designed survey questions are:

Answer 37

a.easy to understand; b.use simple language, c.do not ask about hypothetical situations, d.and keep the questions relatively short in length.

Question 38

is a statistical method of reaching conclusions based on previous research.

Answer 38

Meta-Analysis

Question 39

a statistic that indicates the amount of change caused by an experimental manipulation.

Answer 39

Effect size

Question 40

a statistic that is the average of the effect sizes for all studies included in the analysis and A meta analysis results in one number

Answer 40

mean effect size

Question 41

are used as the effect size when researchers are interested in the relationship between two variables, and the majority of studies use correlation as their statistical test.

Answer 41

Correlation coefficients (r)

Question 42

is used as the effect size when researchers are looking at the difference between two groups.

Answer 42

A difference score (d)

Question 43

method of selecting the subjects who will serve as the sample in a study.

Answer 43

Subject Samples

Question 44

Types of Subject Samples

Answer 44

Random Sample Convenience Sample Random Assignment