Brain Damage and Plasticity

Question 1

• A type of brain damage caused by an interruption of the blood supply to the brain.

Answer 1

Stroke

Question 2

• hardening of the arteries

Answer 2

Arteriosclerosis

Question 3

A condition caused by bleeding in the brain.

Answer 3

Cerebral hemorrhage

Question 4

• A balloonlike bulge in the wall of an artery.

Answer 4

Aneurysm

Question 5

• Blockages of blood vessels. Inadequate blood flow = low
  oxygen.

Answer 5

Ischemia

Question 6

A blockage that doesn’t move from its point of origin in a blood vessel.

Answer 6

Thrombosis

Question 7

A blood vessel blockage that originated elsewhere and traveled to its current location.

Answer 7

Embolism

Question 8

• penetration of the skull

Answer 8

Open Head Injuries

Question 9

• closed head injuries (unconscious or coma). The severity of the consequences is highly dependent on the areas of the brain that are affected.

Answer 9

Concussions

Question 10

• the site of a blow

Answer 10

Coup

Question 11

• The force of the blow pushes the brain against the side of the skull opposite the coup producing a second area of damage.

Answer 11

Countercoup

Question 12

bleeding because of a coup.

Answer 12

Subdural hematoma -

Question 13

A type of brain damage caused by repeated concussions.

Answer 13

Chronic traumatic brain injury
(CTBI)

Question 14

boxer’s syndrome. Slurred speech, memory impairment, personality changes, lack of coordination, and a Parkinson-like syndrome.

Answer 14

Dementia pugilistica

Question 15

• An independent growth of tissue that lacks purpose.

Answer 15

Tumor

Question 16

A type of abnormal cell growth that, lacking boundaries, invades the surrounding tissue and is very likely to recur following surgical removal.

Answer 16

Malignant tumor

Question 17

• The migration of cancerous cells from one part of the body to another.

Answer 17

Metastasis

Question 18

A tumor arising from the tissue of the meninges.

Answer 18

Meningioma

Question 19

A tumor arising from the tissue of the meninges.

Answer 19

Meningioma

Question 20

are uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain that are correlated with changes in consciousness.

Answer 20

Seizures

Question 21

• A disorder characterized by repeated seizure activity in the brain. Experience repetitive, unprovoked seizures.

Answer 21

Epilepsy

Question 22

• A disorder characterized by repeated seizure activity in the brain. Experience repetitive, unprovoked seizures.

Answer 22

Epilepsy

Question 23

A seizure that has a clear area of origin, or focus. Some of it is preceded by an aura or premonition of the impending seizure.

Answer 23

Partial seizure

Question 24

cause movements or sensations appropriate to the location. No change in consciousness.

Answer 24

Simple partial seizure

Question 25

• confusion and change in consciousness

Answer 25

Complex partial seizure

Question 26

• A seizure that affects the brain symmetrically without a clear point of origin.

Answer 26

Generalized seizure

Question 27

A generalized seizure that results in violent convulsions; also known as a tonic-clonic seizure.

Answer 27

Grand mal seizure

Question 28

10 seconds of loss of consciousness, cessation of breathing, and intense muscular contraction

Answer 28

Tonic phase

Question 29

1 minute violent rhythmic contraction resulting in broken bones and physical injuries.

Answer 29

Clonic phase

Question 30

A mild type of generalized seizure in which the patient experiences a brief period of unconsciousness.

Answer 30

Petit mal seizure

Question 31

Cause: Pork tapeworm, Taenia solium
Symptoms: Sudden-onset partial seizures, Nausea, vomiting, headaches, Confusion, inattention, poor balance
Treatments: Antihelminthic (anti-worm) medication, Medication for seizure control, Surgery to remove encysted worms

Answer 31

Neurocysticercosis

Question 32

Cause: Viruses
Symptoms: Brain inflammation,
Symptoms vary from mild to very severe, including death
Treatments: No treatments currently available. Preventive measures such as mosquito eradication

Answer 32

Encephalitis

Question 33

A human TSE that results in a progressively degenerative condition characterized by movement and cognitive disorder.

Answer 33

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Question 34

• A human TSE identified among the Fore of New Guinea, related to their practice of cannibalism.

Answer 34

Kuru

Question 35

• A protein particle that lacks nucleic acid and is believed to be responsible for TSEs.

Answer 35

Prion