Sensory Anatomy Flashcards
Practical 2
info ab enviornment is received by a sensory receptor and converted into an action potential
sensation
brain receiving and interpreting AP such that we are consciously aware of the sensation
perception
receptor outside of body
exteroreceptor
receptor inside of the body
interoreceptor
mechanical stimuli: touch pressure vibration
mechanoreceptor
receptors in muscle, joints, tendon tissue that detects changes in body position
proprioceptors
receptors respond ti changes in temp
thermoreceptors
receptors detech changes in light
photoreceptors
detects chemicals in solution
chemoreceptors
respond to harmful stimuli
nocireceptors
response to stimuli that is rapid and predictable
reflex arc
3 components of reflex arc
receptor
integration center
effector organ
require no experience/learning to be carried out by the body
intrinsic reflex
very rapid movemnet of skeltal muscle tissue (integration center is spinal cord)
spinal reflex arc
open space at center of iris : allows light to enter and strike the retina
pupil
pupil becomes wider
dilator pupille muscle
pupil becomes narrower
sphincter pupillae muscle
stimulus applied to 1 side of the body but output is seen on both sides
consensual reflex
allows eye to focus on objects at diff distances
accommodation reflex
structure in eye that helps focus light directly on the retina by bending light as it enters the eye
lens
size of pupil changes according to the distance of object
pupil accommodation
lens changes shape to change the ability to refract light to focus it on the retina
lens accommodation
lens is more round
stronger refractory power
object is close
lens is flatter
weaker refractory power
object is far
when an object is close
light is highly scattered as it enters the eye
higher refractory power to bend light
when an object is far
light is less scattered as it enters the eye
weaker refractory power since light doesnt need to bent as much
patellar reflex
knee jerk relfex
L2-L4 spinal cord
patellar tendon is stretched by hammer
alters patellar reflex by forcing individual to focus their attention somewhere else
Jendrassiks maneuver
relaxation of a muscle while another 1 contracts
antagonistic muscle
examine by touch
palpate
reflexive response by pupil mediated by the sympathetic nervous system in repsonse to pain
ciliospinal reflex
protects soles of the foot when a painful stimulus is applied
plantar reflex
same response as plantar but for children
babinski
toes curl downward
plantar flexion
big toe point upward
dorsi flexion
3 fluid filled tubes in the inner ear that contribute to balance and equilibrium while moving by aiding in visual fixation of an object
semicircular canals
reflexive eye movement when semicircular canals are stimulated
nystagmus
foward/backward head movement
anterior semicurcular canals
movemenet that causes head to move side to side
posterior
movement where head spins
lateral
fluid in semicircular canals moves stimiulating receptrs in inner ear
rotary nystagmus
eyes continue moving after movement has stopped
post rotary nystagmus
ability to maintain the body position and posture in relation to out surroundings
spatial orientation
the smaller the receptive area
the more sensitive skin is to touch
smallest distance at which two points of contact can be felt
two point threshold
stimulus is applied for a prolonged period of time we lose conscious awareness of stimulus
sensory adaptation
damage to structure from the tympanic mem to the auditory ossicles
prevents transmission of sound to the inner ear
conduction deafness
auditory nerve or brain is damaged
APs relating to sound are not produced by auditory nerve or cannot be interpreted by the brain
nerve deafness
closest point at which an object can be placed from the face and still form a focused image
near point
as we age
lens becomes less flexible and accommodarion is less effective
loss of near focusing ability
presbyopia
blind spot : area at the back of the eye on retina where there are no photoreceptors
optic disc
sharpness of vision
visual acuity
ability to discern letters or #s at a given distance according to a fixed standard
snellen test
see objects up close but objects far away are blurry
myopia
see objects far away but objects up close are blurry
hyperopia
test for colorblindness
ishihara test
