Cardio phys lab Flashcards
lab practical 1
method of listening and studying heart sounds
auscultation
medical instrument w ear pieces connected to tubes attached to a small disc shape resonator
stethoscope
one the heart valves doesn’t function properly
heart murmurs
1st heart sound
lub sound
heard during systole
due to closing of atrioventricular valves
tricuspid - right
mitral - left
2nd heart sound
dup sound
heard during systole
due to closing of semilunar valves
aortic semilunar valve
pulmonary semilunar valve
period of contraction
systole
period of relaxation
diastole
3rd heart sound
heard during diastole
produced by vibrations in the ventricle wall
4th heart sound
heard during diastole
atria contract to push blood into ventricles
where sounds of the heart valves can be heard most clearly
auscultatory areas
pressure created by the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries and heart pumps blood into vessels
blood pressure
pressure in arteries when ventricles are contracting
systolic pressure
90-120 mm Hg
important indicator of the force of contraction of the heart
pressure in arteries when ventricles are relaxing
diastolic pressure
60-80 mm Hg
important indicator of the condition of the systemic blood vessels
difference between systolic/diastolic pressure indicating the force of blood pushing through the vessels
pulse pressure
40 mm Hg
the average blood pressure during a cardiac cycle
mean arterial pressure
70-100 mm Hg
when vessel diameter decreases
peripheral resistance increases
when blood viscosity increases
peripheral resistance increases
an increase in CO, or peripheral resistance
increase in blood pressure
calculate MAP
map = cardiac output (ml blood/min) x total peripheral resistance (TPR units)
calculate cardiac output
CO= stroke volume (ml blood/beat) x heart rate (beats/min)
indirect measure of BP - pressure cuff, pressure applied to artery externally
sphygmomanometer
brachial artery
palpating the pulse as pressure is applied to the artery
palpatory method
brachial artery
utilizes the sphygmomanometer but also requires the use of a stethoscope to hear changes in the sound of the brachial artery
Auscultatory method
sounds produced by turbulence in vessels
Korotkoff sounds
A sharp tapping or thudding sound, which may increase in intensity over the next 10 mm Hg drop in pressure. This phase indicates the systolic pressure.
phase 1
the distinct abrupt muffling of the sounds. They will become soft and reduced in intensity, first diastolic reading
phase 4
All sounds disappear, and the absence of sound is considered to be the second diastolic reading
phase 5
blood pressure taken on one arm
pulse rate should be taken on opposite arm
amount of force affecting resistance to blood flow through the circulatory system
total peripheral resistance
if vasoconstriction increases
TPR increases
vasodilation increases
TPR decreases
calculate TPR
tpr = mean arterial pressure / cardiac output
calculate TPRest
TPRest= (systolic pressure + (2 x diastolic pressure))/ 3
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pulse pressure x heart rate
decrease in temperature
results in increase of systolic and diastolic pressure
blood is not returned to heart at a desirable rate
venous insufficiency
due to low pressure in veins
slowing of heart while underwater and decrease in blood vessel diamater
diving bradycardia/ peripheral vasoconstriction
measure of cardiovascular health and endurance, tests capacity of body to cope w increase in physical activity and ability to recover from it
Harvard step test
Calculate index of physical fitness
index = duration of exercise (seconds) x 100
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2 x (sum of 3 pulse counts in recovery)
the passage of fluid through the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or a tissue
Perfusion
test used to measure the ratio of a persons resting pulse to their pulse after exercise
tuttle pulse ratio test
