senses

Question 1

your primary sense is ___ and secondary is ____

Answer 1

vision, hearing

Question 2

what are the steps for vision

Answer 2

1) gather light
2) travels through eye
3) transduction
4) occipital lobes

Question 3

what path does vision take through EYE

Answer 3

cornea -> pupil -> iris -> lens -> retina

Question 4

transduction

Answer 4

process through which light/sound is converted into electrical signals

Question 5

retinal ganglion cells

Answer 5

type of neuron in the inner retina that receives input from rods and cones

Question 6

who discovered feature detectors

Answer 6

Hubel & Wiesel

Question 7

feature detectors

Answer 7

helps us identify specific elements

Question 8

ON region responds to

Answer 8

increase in light

Question 9

OFF region responds to

Answer 9

decrease in light

Question 10

blind spot is

Answer 10

where the optic nerves converge and exit the eye, no rods or cones

Question 11

why don’t we see the blind spot

Answer 11

we receive input from both eyes, the brain fills in missing spot

Question 12

path vision takes from EYE to BRAIN

Answer 12

gather light -> retina -> optic nerve -> thalamus -> occipital lobes

Question 13

saccade

Answer 13

constant movement of the eye

Question 14

monochromat color blindness

Answer 14

see only shades of gray or one color, no cones or only one type that works

Question 15

dichromat color blindness

Answer 15

one malfunctioning cone system, most common

Question 16

Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory

Answer 16

3 types of color receptors, does NOT explain after images & color blindness

Question 17

Hering Opponent Process Theory (vision)

Answer 17

Opposing retinal processes enable color vision

Question 18

which color vision theory is correct?

Answer 18

both theories are needed to fully explain vision

Question 19

auditory nerve

Answer 19

connects to auditory cortex in temporal lobe

Question 20

organ of corti

Answer 20

in inner ear, produces nerve impulse

Question 21

amplitude is ____, the ____ of a wave and determines _____

Answer 21

strength of sound and the height of wave, determines loudness

Question 22

frequency is ____, the ____ of a wave and determines ____

Answer 22

dumber of cycles in a given amount of time and the length of wave and determines pitch

Question 23

high pitch = high _____

Answer 23

frequency

Question 24

Pitch Theories explain sound _____

Answer 24

quality

Question 25

Place theory (Helmholtz)

Answer 25

different frequency of sound alows for location (sound localization) explains upper high range pitch

Question 26

Frequency theory

Answer 26

tone produces vibration, explains low pitch

Question 27

conduction deafness

Answer 27

deafness from physical reason/ damage

Question 28

nerve (sensorineural) deafness

Answer 28

hair cells in cochlea are damaged, occurs in inner ear

Question 29

tinnitus

Answer 29

ringing in ears due to exposure of loud noises

Question 30

somatosensation

Answer 30

touch, temperature, pressure, pain

Question 31

Gate Control Theory (touch)

Answer 31

open/shut, allows/ blocks, excitatory/inhibitory

Question 32

touch localization

Answer 32

ability to perceive where on the skin when touched with stimulus

Question 33

vestibular sense

Answer 33

equilibratory sense, overall orientation and sense of balance of the body

Question 34

how is your vestibular sense maintained

Answer 34

through the semicircular canals of Inner Ear

Question 35

kinesthetic sense

Answer 35

prropioception, or your body awareness, knowledge of position and movement of specific body part

Question 36

how is your kinesthetic sense maintained

Answer 36

through receptors in muscles and joints and tendons

Question 37

gustation

Answer 37

sense of taste

Question 38

taste cells

Answer 38

chemical receptors located in taste bud clusters, on papillae

Question 39

5 tastes taste buds are sensitive to

Answer 39

sweet, salty, sour, bitter, unami

Question 40

variables that influence taste

Answer 40

- texture - temperature - age - culture - genetics - smells

Question 41

olfaction

Answer 41

sense of smell

Question 42

receptors for smell

Answer 42

chemical receptors, located on olfactory epithelium (top of nose)

Question 43

sensory interaction

Answer 43

ex. vision & balance

Question 44

sensory restriction

Answer 44

ex. not being able to smell -> not being able to taste

Question 45

synesthesia

Answer 45

sensory condition where stimulation of one sense leads to perceptual experience of another, ex. see colors

Question 46

cochlea

Answer 46

coiled, bony, fluid filled tube in the inner ear, sound waves trigger nerve impulses

Question 47

cornea

Answer 47

eye's clear, protective outer layer, covers pupil & iris

Question 48

fovea

Answer 48

central focal point in the retina around which the eye' s cones cluster

Question 49

lens

Answer 49

transparent structure behind the pupil, changes shape to change focus on images on retina

Question 50

pupil

Answer 50

adjustable opening through which light enters eye

Question 51

retina

Answer 51

light sensitive surface that contains receptor rods, cones, and layers of neurons

Question 52

rods & cones

Answer 52

retinal receptors that detect varying lights, rods (low light) and cones (high light)

Question 53

Volley Theory

Answer 53

principle that individual fibers in an auditory nerve respond to one or another stimulus in a rapid succession of rhythmic sound stimuli