memory & forgetting

Question 1

Modal Model

Answer 1

multi-store model of memory sensory (large amount) ->
short term (5-9 chunks) ->
long term (infinite)

Question 2

maintenance rehearsal

Answer 2

intentionally repeating info

Question 3

meaningfulness

Answer 3

significant material is easier to learn

Question 4

mnemonic devices

Answer 4

memory aids like acronyms and phrases

Question 5

chunking

Answer 5

combine & group items into related units to increase # of items retained

Question 6

method of loci

Answer 6

visualize a familiar place, memory palace, or memory journey

Question 7

spacing effect

Answer 7

distribute study time (rather than cramming)

Question 8

long-term potentiation

Answer 8

memory recall takes longer at first but then increases in speed

Question 9

encoding failure

Answer 9

inadequate retrieval cues

Question 10

proactive or negative interference

Answer 10

old learning interferes with new

Question 11

retroactive or positive transfer

Answer 11

new learning interferes with old

Question 12

repression

Answer 12

blocking out because it is painful, motivated forgetting

Question 13

Source Amnesia

Answer 13

false recollections can be created, or forget what is true

Question 14

Serial position effect

Answer 14

better recall of
primacy- beginning
recency- end
forget the middle

Question 15

Misinformation effect

Answer 15

recall is less accurate because of post-event information

Question 16

flashbulb memories

Answer 16

long lasting, vivid, detailed episodic memory, high arousal, autobiographical memory

Question 17

Eidetic memory (photographic memory)

Answer 17

form of sensory memory, ability to vividly recall images, sounds, or objects from memory

Question 18

Mood congruent/ Dependent memories

Answer 18

happy people will better remember happy vs sad material and vice versa

Question 19

implicit memories

Answer 19

information that we do not store purposely and is unintentionally memorized

Question 20

explicit memories

Answer 20

long-term memory that’s concerned with conscious recollection of facts and events

Question 21

episodic memories

Answer 21

ability to learn, store, and retrieve information about unique personal experiences that occur in daily life

Question 22

anterograde amnesia

Answer 22

type of memory loss that occurs when you can’t form new memories

Question 23

retrograde amnesia

Answer 23

inability to access memories or information from before an injury or disease occurred

Question 24

echoic memory

Answer 24

memory that registers specifically to auditory information

Question 25

iconic memory

Answer 25

immediate, brief memory of a visual image that lasts no more than half a second