memory & forgetting Flashcards
study unit 9
Modal Model
multi-store model of memory sensory (large amount) ->
short term (5-9 chunks) ->
long term (infinite)
maintenance rehearsal
intentionally repeating info
meaningfulness
significant material is easier to learn
mnemonic devices
memory aids like acronyms and phrases
chunking
combine & group items into related units to increase # of items retained
method of loci
visualize a familiar place, memory palace, or memory journey
spacing effect
distribute study time (rather than cramming)
long-term potentiation
memory recall takes longer at first but then increases in speed
encoding failure
inadequate retrieval cues
proactive or negative interference
old learning interferes with new
retroactive or positive transfer
new learning interferes with old
repression
blocking out because it is painful, motivated forgetting
Source Amnesia
false recollections can be created, or forget what is true
Serial position effect
better recall of
primacy- beginning
recency- end
forget the middle
Misinformation effect
recall is less accurate because of post-event information
flashbulb memories
long lasting, vivid, detailed episodic memory, high arousal, autobiographical memory
Eidetic memory (photographic memory)
form of sensory memory, ability to vividly recall images, sounds, or objects from memory
Mood congruent/ Dependent memories
happy people will better remember happy vs sad material and vice versa
implicit memories
information that we do not store purposely and is unintentionally memorized
explicit memories
long-term memory that’s concerned with conscious recollection of facts and events
episodic memories
ability to learn, store, and retrieve information about unique personal experiences that occur in daily life
anterograde amnesia
type of memory loss that occurs when you can’t form new memories
retrograde amnesia
inability to access memories or information from before an injury or disease occurred
echoic memory
memory that registers specifically to auditory information
