senses Flashcards
what are the 5 types of sensory receptors
mechanoreceptors
chemorecptors
electromegnetic receptors
thermoreceptors
pain receptors
what does a mechanoreceptors do
sense physical deformation and muscle movement
what do chemoreceptors do
transmit information about the total solute concentration of a solution
what do electromagnetic receptors do
detect electromagnetic energy such as light and electricity
what do thermoreceptors do
responds to hot or cold to help regulate body temperature
what do pain receptors do
detect stimuli that reflect on harmful things
what is the definition of senses
‘sense’ is any system that consists of a group of sensory cell types that respond to a specific physical phenomenon, and that corresponds to a particular group of regions within the brain where the signals are received and interpreted
what is the role of the middle of the ear
vibrating objects create percussion waves in the air that cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate
what happens to the vibrations in cochlea
create pressure waves in the fluid in the cochlea that travel through the canal
what are the functions of cochlea
amplification of sound vibrations
what is the role of the inner ear
to detect body movement, position and balance
umami perception would be stimulated by what chemical
glutamate
how do animals discriminate between different odours?
by using their nose which is responsible for smell.
smell receptors interact with the molecules of vapors and transmit to different areas of the brain
name the receptor where cells are neurons that line the upper portion of the nasal cavity
olfactory receptor
what happens when binding the odorant molecules to receptors
triggers a signal transduction pathway, sending action potentials to the brain
what are taste buds made up of (what is the cells called)
epithelial cells
what are most taste buds associated with
papillae
name the 3 types of taste receptors
specific protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
= sweet and bitter
TRP family (thermoreceptors)
= sour
sodium channel
= salty
what and how bends hair cells
pressure waves in the canal cause the basilar membrane to vibrate and bending the hair cells
true or false
when bending hair cells depolarized the membranes of mechanoreceptors and send action potential to the brain via the auditory nerve
True
the layers of the retina do 3 different things, what are they?
provide blood and nutrients
absorb light and convert to an electrical signal to the two main receptors
transfer signals to the brain through the nerve cells
what does trans-retinal activate?
rhodopsin, which then actives a G protein, eventually leading to hydrolysis of the GMP
describe the processing of visual information in the brain
optic nerves meet at the optic chiasm near the cerebral cortex.
sensations from the left field are transmitted to the right side of the brain, and same for the other side.
in the dark, rods and cones continually release the neurotransmitter glutamate into synapse with neurons called bipolar cells
light detectors all contain…
photoreceptors
what are the 3 colours the eye perceives
red
green
blue
what are the pigments which detect the three main colours
photopsins
how are photopsins created
when the retinal binds to 3 distinct opsin proteins
