Locomotion Flashcards
in humans, muscles attach to a skeletal system to produce…
locomotion
what is muscle tissue responsible for
movement and locomotion
what do muscles rely on?
contractile fibres to create motion
what are the special properties of muscle (4)
excitability
contractibility
extensibility
elasticity
name the 3 major muscle types
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
what is the structure of skeletal muscle
consists of a bindle of long fibres, each a single cell, running parellel to the length of the muscle
what does each muscle fibre is itself a bindle of smaller myofibrils arranged longitudinally
what is the functional unit of a muscle called ? and what is it bordered by
sarcomere and is bordered by Z lines where thin filaments attach
the muscles of a recently deceased human can remain in a contracted state, termed rigor morits, for several hours, due to lack of what ion?
Calcium
what is bone made up of
compact bone tissue
spongy bone
marrow cavity
describe bone tissue
made up of bone cells in a matric of collagen and minerals
what are the three types of bone cells
osteocytes
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
what is cartilage
consists of chondrocytes (cartilage cells) in a matric of collagen protein
what type of structure does cartilage have
tough, flexible material that pads joints and is found in the nose and ears
what is osteoporosis
loss of bone mass, leading to brittle bones
this is due to age and lack of calcium which can contribute to this
what is a pivot joint
the bone side past another, gliding joints allow twisting motion
what is a hinge joint
allows flexing and extending along on plane, pairs of muscles work opposite one another to create motion
what is a ball-and-socket joint
allows rotational movement, multiple pairs of muscle allow movement in a range of directions
where is the cardiac muscle located
in the heart
what does the cardia muscle consist of
strained cells electrically connected by intercalated disks
what is smooth muscle
found in the digestive tract, large blood vessels and several organs
have contractile fibres, but lack orderely striations of skeletal muscle
relatively slow
stimulation from neurons in the automatic nervous system
what does the cardia muscle consist of
strained cells electrically connected by intercalated disks
the synaptic terminal of the motor neuron releases the neurotransmitter…
acetylcholine
describe what sliding filament theory is
thin and thick filaments slide past each other longitude powered by the myosin molecules
what is the functional unit of a muscle called ? and what is it bordered by
sarcomere and is bordered by Z lines where thin filaments attach
name the energy which is stored in muscle cells
myosin
releasing ADP and Pi
name the 2 proteins present in muscle fibres
tropomyosin
troponin complex
what part binds to the actin filament
head of a myosin
what two molecules generate the ATP needed to sustain muscle contraction
glycolysis and aerobic respiration
name the theory which explained about mechanism of muscle contraction
sliding filament theory
