Cancer

Question 1

what is the causes of cancer

Answer 1

Cancer results from genetic changes that affect the cell cycle.
This is done by mutations that affect cell growth and division

Question 2

what are the three types of cancer:
A. Torrents
B. Carcinomas
C. Sarcomas
D. Leukaemia and lymphomas

Answer 2

B, C, D

Question 3

what does Benign mean

Answer 3

do not spread from their side of the origin, but can crowd out the surrounding cells e.g
Brain Tumours

Question 4

What does Malignant mean

Answer 4

can spread from the original site and cause and caused secondary tumours

Question 5

what is Metastasis

Answer 5

caused from Malignant tumours by invading other tissues and kill organisms and is the secondary tumour level

Question 6

name the two major classes of cancer

Answer 6

tumour suppressor genes
oncogenes

Question 7

what is a tumour suppressor genes

Answer 7

encoding proteins which inhibit cell proliferation, which signals proteins and others
RECESSIVE mutations

Question 8

what is oncogenes

Answer 8

encoding proteins which stimulate cell proliferation, which signals proteins and others
DOMINANT mutations

Question 9

describe how a ras protein is involved in cancer

Answer 9

is found in about a quarter of all human tumours, it acts as a signalling protein to stimulate cell proliferation
only activates which there is a correct cell surface receptor binds to a growth factor (G protein)
pathway is perinatally switched on