Respiration Flashcards
what are the structures which support the body system
the lungs
what happens when swallowing
the larynx moves upwards
why are the lungs so effective at gas exchange
they provide a large surface area
the pulmonary artery delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs
what role does the alveoli play in breathing
air sacs
site of gas exchange
diffuses into capillaries
what is partial pressure
Partial gas is proportional to its concentration
what happens to the pressure when blood arrives in the lungs
low pressure of O2 and high pressure of CO2
what does the alveoli do with O2 and CO2
diffuses the O2 into the blood and CO2 into the air
what happens in tissue capillaries
partial pressure gradients favour diffusion of O2 into the inerstitial fluids and CO2 into the blood
how do humans ventilate their lungs
negative pressure breathing
how does lung volume increase
as the rib muscles and diaphragm contract
what happens to the rib cage when inhaling and exhaling
expands, diaphragm contracts
cage gets smaller, diaphragm relaxes
what is the Bohr shift
when we exercise CO2 is produced during cellular respiration lowers blood pH and decreases the affinity of haemoglobin for O2
what happens when there is an increase in Co2 in active tissue
lowers the pH
what is haemoglobin
increases the oxygen carrying capacity of blood
consists of 4 globin chains each containing an oxygen-binding group
how is breathing regulated
medulla oblongata
regulated by involuntary mechanisms
