Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the two processes of digestion

A

chemical digestion - pass through to build larger molecules
mechanical digestion - chewing

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2
Q

what does the digestion system consist of

A

the gastrointestinal (GI) tract together with accessory organs

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3
Q

when does digestion occur

A

occurs mainly in the stomach and small intestine

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4
Q

where does the absorption of nutrients occur

A

small intestines

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5
Q

where does the first stage of digestion take place

A

in the oral cavity

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6
Q

what does the salivary glands do

A

delivers saliva to lubricate food

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7
Q

what does saliva contain

A

mucus

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8
Q

what does the stomach do in digestion

A

churns and mixes the contents
causes proteins to denature
kills bacteria

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9
Q

what does the small intestine do in digestion

A

longest compartment of the alimentary canal
hydrolysis occurs here
first portion of the small intestine is called the duodeum

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10
Q

what does the large intestine do in digestion

A

absorbs water and compact undigested material
no digestion takes place!
but takes in minerals and vitamins

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11
Q

what is the process of food

A

passes through mouth > stomach > small intestine > large intestine > anus

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12
Q

why does the stomach have a low pH

A

activates pepsinogen
helps pancreatic activity

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13
Q

how does digestion and absorption of different molecules work in the small intestine

A

has a huge surface area due to villi and microvilli that are exposed to the intestinal lumen

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14
Q

what is the purpose of the pancreas and liver in digestion

A

the liver produces BILE and stored in the gallbladder
BILE aids in digestion and absorbing fats
energy is stored in the liver and muscle cells in the polymer glycogen

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15
Q

how is the digestive system regulated by hormones

A

the hormones insulin and glucagon regulate the breakdown of glycogen into glucose
low blood sugar causes glucagon to stimulate the breakdown of glycogen

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16
Q

where are sugars stored

A

liver