Sensation and Perception Flashcards
Meissner
light touch
Merkle
deep pressure and texture
Pacinian
deep pressure and vibrations
Ruffini
Stretch
Free-nerve endings
pain and T
Gateway Theory of Pain
Brain decides whether to focus on pain or not via turning ON or OFF pain pathway. If pain pathway is OFF, somatosensory signals are ON. The brain has decided to focus its attention on i.e. pressure rather than pain.
Physiological zero
normal body T. Tells me what is hot or cold
Propioception/ Kinesthetic sense
where you are in space
Pathway of Smell
nostrils, olfac epi, bulb, tract, brainsteam, higher regions of brain i.e amyglada in Limbic system
Pathway of Sound
Pinna, Ear canal, tympanic memb, ossicles (MIS), oval window, cochlea, cochlear nerve, Sup olive, Inf Olive, MGN (thalamus) , and auditory cortex (temporal)
depth perception
binocular, monocular cues
motion
magno cells
Details then big picture
Bottom Up
Using what you know to drive your perception
Top Down processing
signal present- you get it right
HIT
signal present- you get it wrong
Miss
signal absent - you get it wrong
False alarm
signal absent- you get it right
correct negative
A man is discerning a specific noise within a field of many noises.
signal detection
A reduction in response to a stimulus over time
sensory adaptation
Middle ear
MIS (Malleus, incus, stapes)
detect chemicals in the environment
chemoreceptors
refracts light
lens
gathers and focuses light
cornea
images are projected and transduced into electrical signals
retina
detects pain
nociceptors
touch, pain, T, pressure
somatosensation
kinesthetic sense is the ability to
know where you are in 3D space
balance and equilibrium
vestibular sense
5 taste modalities
“SSSBU”
Sweet, savory, sour, bitter, umami
baths membranous labyrinth
endolymph
bath space in bony labyrinth
perilymph
potassium rich fluid that bathes hair cells of the inner ear
endolymph
vertigo or dizziness
vestibular sense
expectations and recognitions to understanding what you are looking at
Top down processing
looking at every individual detail to create a cohesive understanding of what you are looking at
Bottom Up processing
Name all of Gestalt Principles
Closure, Similarity, Proximity, Subjective contours, and Good Continuation
You see a figure that is not really there
subjective contours
similar objects grouped together
similarity
A patient comes in with a tumor of the pituitary gland, which grows upwards into the optic chiasm and causes a visual field defect. The most likely defect from compression of the optic chiasm is:
loss of the temporal visual fields of both eyes.
images on the nasal half of the retina actually originate in the temporal visual field.
