Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Sensation and Perception Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Sensation and Perception

A

> testing sensory-motor or conceptual decision making tasks

>use reaction time tests (less invasive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why study sensation & perception?

A

> everything you know entered through senses
consciousness is largely result of what see, hear, taste, touch, and smell
this is earliest part of psych (early believed in Tabula Rasa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

*Transduction

A

> converting environmental stimulus into nerve impulses

>sensory receptors convert environmental energy into nerve impulses (then to brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Eye

A

> humans are primarily visual
retina- 3D cup at back, does transduction
fovea- dent in back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Photoreceptors

A

> convert light into nerve impulses

>ex. rods & cones (which are modified neurons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cones

A 
>contributes to perception of color
>refines image, acuity
>in/around fovea (back,center)
>less common than rods
>need bright light
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rods

A

> sensitive to dim light (night vision)
can NOT perceive color
not a lot of acuity
outside of fovea and at edges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

*Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies

A

> quality of experience determined by sensory receptor stimulated and where info goes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nerve Impulses

A

> AKA “action potential”
action potentials are all same
ex. rods/cones also respond to touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory

A

> suspected there are 3 diff types of cones (r,g,b)

>wave length- blue:short, green:middle, red:long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Opponent-Process Theory (Hering)

A

> three sub-processes choose one color to fire

>sub-processes made of opposing pairs (red-green, blue-yellow, back-white)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Ishihara Test

A

> Red-Green color blindness (can still see yellow-disproves Trichromatic Theory)
most are only color deficient, can’t perceive certain combos
ex. Fish firing rate (thalamus changes firing rate to display color)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Negative Color Afterimages

A

> selectively fatigue black, yellow, green cones

>white slide allows r,w,b fully operational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Correct Eye Theory?

A

> both correct (how perceive/process color)
Eye: Trichromatic Theory
Brain: Opponent-Process Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nystagmus

A

> eye almost vibrates, moves rapidly
muscles cause eye shifts
keeps image moving so rod/cones don’t fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stabilized Images

A

> pictures fixed on retina
no permanent damage
rods/cones fatigue and break circuit (parts of visual disappears)
cell assemblies/neural circuits formed w/experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cataract

A

> clouding of lens
can be surgically removed (take out lens)
surgery restores sight, but brain lacks neural circuitry (kids had trouble differentiating between circle/triangle)
changing angle would throw off brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

*Feature Detection

A

> cells in visual cortex respond to specific features

>plant electrobe in cortex to test activity in animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

*Feature Detectors

A

> edge detectors
complex cells
hyper complex cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Edge Detectors

A

> simple cells, respond to lines w/certain orientations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Receptive Fields

A

> can be found in other places

>ex. groups of rods and cones in retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Complex Cells

A

> more selective cells

>responds to particularly oriented lines, motion, color, and combos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hyper Complex Cells

A

> perceives attributes, length, width, and simple shapes/contours

24
Q

Inhibitory Connections

A

> prohibit signals from sending

25
Q

Excitatory Connections

A

> when fires, also fires neighbor

26
Q

Motion Aftereffects

A

> fatigue selected motion detectors
brain interprets higher firing rate of others as firing
implode look from spinning spiral

27
Q

Perception

A

> Perception = Sensation + Experience
ex. Foreign langue speaker displays sensation without experiential knowledge
ex. Inverting goggles (Stratton)
First motion sickness, day 8 could respond, brain didn’t adapt permanently

28
Q

Perceptual Adaptation

A

> visual ability to adjust to displaced visual field

29
Q

Kinesthesis

A

> sense of body position/movements

>helps to understand what is happening visually

30
Q

Visual Deprivation

A

> active cat vs. passive cat w/same visual experience
active cat- normal visual development
pass. cat- couldn’t understand surroundings (feature detectors didn’t develop properly)
visual parts of brain need kinesthetic parts

31
Q

Sensory Deprivation

A

> kittens raised without hz lines, couldn’t understand hz lines
could eventually recover if put in normal environment

32
Q

Cataract Removal (Restored Vision)

A

> innate vs. learned abilities
can: fixate, scan, follow objects, discriminate colors, and brightness (learned)
cannot: name objects by sight, make perceptual judgements
innate: basic sensory abilities, learned: complex perceptual processing

33
Q

Depth Perception

A

> innate, but enhanced by learning

34
Q

Visual Cliff

A

> modified table: 72% go away from glass, 8% go on glass
newborn heart rate spikes when face down on glass
retina 2D image -> brain 3D image
baby farm animals stay on decorated side
learning/practice improves depth perception

35
Q

*Top Down Process

A

> stuff stored in head from previous experiences
knowledge, beliefs, expectations, memories
ex. LSU game outcome changed judge’s sentences

36
Q

*Bottom Up Process

A

> sensory input from sensors go to brain

>info from feature detectors

37
Q

Perception

A

> constructed from top-down to bottom-up

>ex. scream at KI vs. scream in violent area

38
Q

Expectations vs. Perception

A

> prone to errors since combining top/bottom

>people see what they want to (top/down effect perception)

39
Q

Eyewitness Identification

A

> can do real world experiences to test accuracy
ex. draw pennies
not as accurate as they think

40
Q

False Convictions and DNA

A 
>300+ DNA exonerations in US
>Average age 27 yrs.
>Average prison time: 9 yrs
>Some on death row
>#1 cause of false convictions (mistaken eye witness)
41
Q

Simultaneous Presentation of Suspects

A

> all brought out at once in line-up

42
Q

Sequential Presentation

A

> brings people out one at a time
less likely to guess
ex. TMC experiment found 3x more accurate
DOJ recommends sequential

43
Q

Binocular Clues

A

> AKA “disparity” (difference between left/right eye perspective)
feedback from seeing objects closer than 20 ft.

44
Q

Monocular Clues

Relative Size

A

> AKA “pictoral”
can use only one eye to determine distance
perceive based on SIZE
big = close, small = far

45
Q

Monocular Clues

Interposition

A

> perceive based on OVERLAP of objects

>front = close, back = far

46
Q

Monocular Clues

Relative Height

A

> perceive based on HEIGHT of objects in frame

> higher = far, lower = close

47
Q

Monocular Clues

Relative Motion

A

> nearby objects move past
far objects move with
ex. Riding in vehicle

48
Q

Monocular Clues

Linear Perspective

A

> parallel lines appear to converge in distance

49
Q 
Monocular Clues
(Lights/Shadows)
A

> light “comes from above” object
shadows are lower than object
ex. Table mixes up these concepts (doesn’t match experiences, looks artificial)

50
Q

Size-Distance Relationship

A

> ex. distance monster appears bigger due to distance cues

>ex. traffic lights (bigger than expected, since seen far way)

51
Q

Ittleson’s Experiment of Familiar Size

A

> manipulated size of common objects

>people thought objects were in different planes/depths

52
Q

Ames Room

A

> people of same height stand in two corners of room

>look different heights (demonstrates size-distance illusion)

53
Q

Escher

A

> deliberately messed w/depth cones in art

>illustrated non-possible outcomes

54
Q

Sp = K (Sr x Dp)

A

> Perception Size = K (retina size x perceived distance)

55
Q

Image Size on Retina

A

> large: closer
small: farther
ex. “fixed” size of bird image (greater distance = larger illusion)

Psychology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions