Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Psychological Disorders History
> no effective treatment until late 1800’s
ex. Trephination (holes in skull to release evil)
bone regrowth if were able to live
mental institutions weren’t effective (like prison)
Pinel unchained mentally ill
Mental Illness
> deviation from statistical norms
deviation from social norms
behavior harmful to others (maladaptive)
personal distress
no single definition (social norms not universal)
Medical Students Disease
> students convinced they have disorder studying
Neurosis
> diminish quality of life, but can get by
lack insight to problem
same personality
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
> no good reason for constant distress
>treatment usually very effective
Phobias
> highly specific
debilitating
treatable through systematic desensitization
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
> reoccurring unwanted neg thoughts (drive ritualistic behavior)
obsessive vs. compulsions
ex. germs vs. hand washing
symmetry vs. fix objects
Brain Imaging
> brain literally works faster than should in frontal lobe
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Multiple Personality
> split in consciousness and memory (rare, from extreme abuse)
consciousness split into separate identities
only one personality remembers abuse
can be cured after years
Dissociative Identity Disorder Examples
> person exhibits 2+ alternating personalities
Sizemore saw death as a child
Milligan was abused by father
Somatoform Disorders
1) conversion disorder
2) hypochondria
>anxiety affects body
Conversion Disorder
> psych conditions manifest as physical condition
(movement, speech, hear, sight)
ex. Anna O - Freud
Hypochondria
> fear w/health and illnesses
lack physical symptoms, react to norm body functions
can be caused by stress
Affective Disorders
> emotional extremes
1) depressive disorder, most frequent
2) bipolar disorder
Bipolar Disorder
> AKA manic-depressive disorder (depression/mania)
depressive symptoms: neg self defeating thoughts, misplaced anger, pessimistic
manic symptoms: can be psychotic, bad long-term decisions
swings from no brain activity to tons
treatable
Psychosis
> serious impairment of perception, cognition, or emotion
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech
severe, lose touch w/reality, lack insight to problem
change personality
can’t answer basic questions
ex. schizophrenia, depression, bipolar, abuse/withdraw
Schizophrenia
Who Gets
> young people as mature
equal opportunity disease
men suffer from it more severely
Schizophrenia
Symptoms
1) though disorders (disorganized/loose association)
2) delusions (false irrational beliefs)
3) hallucinations (disturbed perception)
4) inappropriate emotions/actions
Schizophrenia
Disorganized and Delusional Thinking
> no obvious connection between sentences
>statements do not make sense
Schizophrenia
Disturbed Perceptions
> frequently auditory
>lesser visual, somatosensory, olfactory, or gustatory
Schizophrenia
Catatonic State
> sit/stand in weird position for hours
>schizophrenia patients
Four Types of Schizophrenia
1) disorganized
2) catatonic
3) paranoid
4) undifferentiated
Disorganized
Four Types of Schizophrenia
> disrupted thought/speech, inappropriate emotions
Catatonic
Four Types of Schizophrenia
> unusual physical symptoms
repeated motions/frozen
Paranoid
Four Types of Schizophrenia
> delusions of grandeur: inflated sense of importance
>delusions of persecution: fear someone is trying to harm them
Undifferentiated
Four Types of Schizophrenia
> overlapping symptoms of other categories
Schizophrenia
Causes
> heredity (higher risk if closer to someone with)
high dopamine levels
environment/stress
lose brain cells if don’t respond to treatment
*The Diathesis-Stress Model of Mental Illness
> some people have genetic potential for disease
if exposed to stress, can trigger disease
common for many diseases
Catatonic Rats
> injected w/drugs to elevate dopamine levels
>result: can hang stiff rats
Amphetamines
> people who use show symptoms as schizophrenics
>schizophrenia is a cycle (don’t use amphetamines while in remission)
Phenothiazines
> dopamine blockers (block receptor sites)
>not a cure, can manage symptoms
Schizophrenia
The Environment
> stress in childhood
adoption into healthy environment lowers risk
environmental stress transforms potential into actual disease
*Major Depressive Disorder
> depression is “common cold” psych disorders
most common vs. underestimates severity
have to rule out other variables
neg mood state (may show other symptoms on list)
Depression and Suicide
> U.S. Army lost more to suicide than war in Iraq and Afghanistan
NKY had 279 suicides in a year
suicide more frequent than homicide
Suicide
> occurs more w/age
women more likely to be depressed
older males more successful at attempts
Depression
Biological Perspective
> runs in family
imbalance of neurotransmitters
potential drug therapies
biology alone can not explain
Beck’s Cognitive Theory
> result of maladaptive cognitive patters
stress environment - neg explanatory style - depressed - cognitive/behavioral changes
.offers place to break cycle
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
Medication + Psychotherapy = Best Treatment
> ex. Prozac, Lexapro, Paxil, Celexa
Tricyclic Antidepressants (SNRI) (Medication + Psychotherapy = Best Treatment)
> side effects
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI)
> originally for tuberculosis
didn’t help, but increased mood
reacts w/certain food (side effects)
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
> volts to brain stimulate production of neurotransmitters (reboot)
used as last resort
procedure lasts 10 min, 1 min seizure
some pregnant women use
Good News About Abnormal Psych
> some can be cured
most improved w/therapy
medications manage symptoms
majority can lead independent lives
