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Radiology > Semester 2 RAD QUALITY > Flashcards

Semester 2 RAD QUALITY Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following radiographic accessories functions to produce a uniform density on the radiograph

A

Wedge filter and step wedge

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2
Q

CHF increase or decrease technique

A

Increase

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3
Q

15% rule

A

Increase KVP by 15% will have the same affect on RE as doubling the mAs

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4
Q

A 15% increase in KVP accompanied by 15% decrease in mAs will result in

A

Longer scale of contrast and increase in receptor exposure

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5
Q

Device that restricts the size of the x-ray field to only the anatomical structure of interest

A

Cones, collimator, Aperture diaphragm

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6
Q

Methods of limiting the production of scatter radiation

A

Use the prone position for abdominal exams, restrict the field size to the smallest practical size, use high KVP

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7
Q

What is the grid ratio of a grid with 3MM height, .025MM sick lead grid strips, and .3 MM sick enter space material?

A

10:1, 16:1, 8:1

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8
Q

Pneumonia increase or decrease technique

A

Increase

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9
Q

Which of the following is/are true concerning the role of KVP in image production?

  1. As KVP is increased penetrating ability of x-rays increases
  2. As KVP is increased more x-rays exit the patient to strike the IR
  3. As KVP is decreased, receptor exposure decreases
A

12&3

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10
Q

Contrast resolution is improved by

A

Lower in KVP, tight collimation, patient compression

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11
Q

Degenerative arthritis is a destructive disease true or false

A

True

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12
Q

Distance has no effect on radiation quality T/F

A

True

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13
Q

The functions of automatic beam limitation devices include

  1. Reducing the production of scattered radiation
  2. Increasing the absorption of scattered radiation
  3. Changing the quality of the x-ray beam
A

1 only

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14
Q

What is osteoporosis

A

Loss of bone density, wasting of tissue, inflammatory condition

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15
Q

How does body habitus affect the selection of technical factors

A

In general the larger the patient or body part the more mAs and KVP needed to obtain an optimal image

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16
Q

The main disadvantage of using parallel grid is

A

Grid cut off and lowered frequency

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17
Q

Bowel obstruction increase or decrease technique

A

Decrease

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18
Q

Discuss how an increase in KVP changes x-ray quantity, x-ray quality and contrast scale

A

Quantity increases because higher KVP is more efficient in producing x-rays quality increases because of the x-ray beam has a higher effective energy and is more penetrating
Hayao KVP produces last differential absorption and therefore reduce his contrast

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19
Q

Emphysema increase or decrease technique

A

Decrease

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20
Q

What is acites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid

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21
Q

Why does tissue compression improve image contrast

A

reduces the thickness of the tissue so that less scatter radiation is produced the result is better image contrast and lower patient dose

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22
Q

Hemothorax increase or decrease technique

A

Increase

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23
Q

Sharpness of detail can be improved by increasing

A

SID and focal spot size

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24
Q

Added filtration has the effect of _____ The beam quality and ______ contrast

A

Increasing, reducing

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25
Q

How can you improve image contrast with a heavy patient without increasing patient dose

A

Use tight collimation

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26
Q

A pneumothorax is free air in the interstitial tissue spaces of the lung T/F

A

False

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27
Q

The ability to see the detail on an image and is best measured by contrast resolution

A

visibility of detail

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28
Q

Radiographic grade constructed so that the grid strips converge on an imaginary line to coincide with the divergence of the x-ray beam

A

Focus grid

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29
Q 
List the following tissues in order from most radiolucent to most radiopaque 
1 muscle
2 fat 
3 lung 
4 bone
A

3214

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30
Q

Which combination of exposure factors will most likely contribute to producing the longest scale contrast

A

12 mAs 90 kvp 8:1 grid ratio

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31
Q

Ability to distinguish between and to image similar tissues

A

Contrast resolution

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32
Q

Describe the two focal spots available in x-ray tubes explain how each is typically used

A

Large and small. More x-rays can be produced with large focal spot size small focal spot capacity of x-ray production is limited. A small focal spot is used for fine detail radiography magnification radiography and extremity radiography

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33
Q

Atelectasis increase or decrease technique

A

Increase

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34
Q

What is arthritis

A

Inflammatory condition

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35
Q

Calculate no grid 80 mAs 75 KVP= 16:1 grid ____ mAs 86 kvp

A

240 mAs

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36
Q

Atrophy increase or decrease technique

A

Decrease

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37
Q

Absence of R E on an image due to the unintended x-ray absorption by the grid led strips

A

Grid cut off

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38
Q

True or false patient does increases with increasing grid ratio

A

True

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39
Q

Foreshortening is caused by

A

An angled body part when the beam is perpendicular to the image receptor

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40
Q

Why should a lumbar spine be well collimated

A

To reduce scatter reaching the image receptor which will improve image contrast

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41
Q

The purpose of a grid is to achieve

A

Improved image contrast

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42
Q

Osteoporosis increase or decrease technique

A

Decrease

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43
Q

Plural effusion increase or decrease technique

A

Increase

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44
Q

Pneumothorax

A

A collection of air or gas in the plural space causing the lung to collapse

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45
Q

Scatter radiation increases as ______ increases

A

Field size

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46
Q

True or false all pathological conditions increase subject density

A

False

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47
Q

Which is the linear grid with a widest latitude for centering and focus

A

5:1

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48
Q

The required total filtration is 2.0 Al equivalent

A

False

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49
Q

What happens to image contrast and patient does Asmore filtration is added to the x-ray beam

A

Increasing beam filtration reduces both image contrast and patient dose

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50
Q

Ascites increase or decrease technique

A

Increase

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51
Q

RE on an image can be controlled by two major factors

A

Correct mAs and SID

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52
Q

What is emphysema

A

Overdistention of lung tissue by air

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53
Q

A radiograph with long scale of contrast will have ____ latitude and _____ contrast

A

Wide low

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54
Q

Three primary factors influencing the intensity of scatter in the image forming Beam are

A

KVP, field size, patient thickness

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55
Q

Contrast improvement factor is higher for high-grade ratios true or false

A

True

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56
Q

What is atrophy

A

Wasting of tissue

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57
Q

Calculate the new mAs no grid 60 mAs = 12:1 grid _____ mAs

A

300

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58
Q

An increase in being restriction will increase our E true or false

A

False

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59
Q

Which one of these groups of exposure factors would produce the greatest receptor exposure

A

400 mA, .2 sec, 90 kvp, 16:1 grid, 40” SID

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60
Q

Inherent glass envelope oil plastic window mirrors plus added filtration sheets of aluminum

A

Total filtration

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61
Q

Which of the following technical changes would best serve to remedy the effect of widely different tissue densities

A

High KVP exposure factors

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62
Q

The misrepresentation of object size and shape on an image

A

Distortion

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63
Q

And understanding of pathology will help the radiographer reduce the need for repeat T/F

A

True

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64
Q

Pathology affect subject density T/F

A

True

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65
Q

Calculate 5:1 grid 75mAs = 8:1 _____ mAs

A

150

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66
Q

Calculate 12:1 grid 120 mAs = 5:1 grid ____ mAs

A

48

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67
Q

Define aortic aneurysm

A

A localized dilation of the wall of the aorta caused by atherosclerosis or hypertension

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68
Q

The exposure factors used for a particular non-grid radiographs were 400 mA, .w sec, and 90 kvp. Another radiograph using an 8:1 grid is requested. Which of the following groups of factors is most appropriate

A

400 mA , .08 s, 90 kvp

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69
Q

The principal advantage of a large focal spot compared with a small focal spot is

A

A greater number of x-rays can be produced

70
Q

Calculate 12:1 100 mAs 90 kvp = 8:1 grid ____ mAs 76 kvp

A

160

71
Q

Small focal spot will provide a

A

Finer detail of image

72
Q

If you increase oh I do you will increase or decrease size distortion

A

Increase

73
Q

And undistorted image results when the object plane in the image plane are

A

Parallel

74
Q

Focal spot size affects magnification and shape distortion

A

False

75
Q

Boxer fracture

A

Fifth metacarpal

76
Q

KVP is the most important influence on subject contrast

A

True

77
Q

Distortion can be caused by

A

Tube angle, the position of the Organ or structure within the body, the radiographic positioning of the part

78
Q

SIDaffect spatial resolution in which of the following ways

A

Spatial resolution is directly related to SID

79
Q

Three primary geometric factors affecting image quality are

A

Magnification, distortion, focal spot blur

80
Q

Patient thickness affects image quality by affecting

A

Focal spot blur, magnification, radiographic contrast

81
Q

The best way to minimize magnification is to have

A

Short OID, long SID

82
Q

The ability to image to separate objects visually detect one from another

A

Resolution

83
Q

Bennett fracture

A

First metacarpal

84
Q

Destructive disease pathology causes the tissue to be more radiolucent appearing white on the image

A

False

85
Q

If subject density increases contrast will increase or decrease

A

Increase

86
Q

Spatial resolution can be improved by

A

Careful instructions to the patient using the shortest time

87
Q

Irregular anatomy does not cause distortion when imaged off the central ray

A

False

88
Q

Increasing which of the following is effective in reducing focal spot blur

A

SID

89
Q

Ability to distinguish anatomical structures of similar subject contrast such as liver and spleen

A

Contrast resolution

90
Q

Grade a latitude is available to the radiographer in which of the following Circumstances

A

Using a low grade ratio using high KVP

91
Q

A linear object (like an extremity) is placed at an angle to the image receptor if the CR is directed perpendicularly toward the receptor of the object will be

A

Foreshortened

92
Q

Added filtration has the effect of ______ The beam quality and _____ Patient dose

A

Increasing, reducing

93
Q

Which of the following list of substances that make up the human body best places in increasing order of density

A

Air, fat, water, muscle, bone

94
Q

Increase in the S ID and adjusting the exposure factors with the direct square law to maintain R E will

A

Increase spatial resolution

95
Q

Image noise may be described as

A

Undesirable fluctuations (graininess) in brightness

96
Q

Which of the following factors are associated with subject contrast

A

Patient thickness, tissue density, KVP

97
Q

The variation of the x-ray intensity along the longitudinal axis of the x-ray beam describes

A

Anode heel affects

98
Q

Acceptable methods of minimizing motion unsharpness are

A

Suspended respiration, short exposure time, patient instruction

99
Q

All of the following are related to spatial resolution except

A

Grid ratio

100
Q

An increase in OID will

A

Increase magnification, decrease spatial resolution

101
Q

Which of the following sets of technical factors would produce an image with the greatest spatial resolution

A

100 mA .3 s 90kvp 72” SID 2” OID .6mm FSs

102
Q

If the radiographer is unable to achieve a short OID because of patient condition which of the following adjustments can be made to minimize magnification

A

A longer S ID should be used

103
Q

Focus flat blur occurs because the x-rays are not coming from a point

A

True

104
Q

When performing a thoracic spine procedure you want to take advantage of the anode heel is sacked by positioning the patient

A

With the abdomen at the cathode end of the tube

105
Q

Focal spot blur is greatest

A

Toward the cathode end of the tube

106
Q

To improve Bonnie detail in a radiograph the radiologic technologist could do which of the following

A

Use a smaller focal spot

107
Q

A decrease in spatial resolution may be expected with and

A

Increase in OID, increase in focal spot size

108
Q

An increase in SID will

A

Increase spatial resolution, decrease magnification

109
Q

An increase in angulation of the tube, part or IR decreases distortion

A

False

110
Q

Focal spot blur can be reduced by using

A

A small focal spot a short OID

111
Q

Commuted fracture

A

Multiple fragments

112
Q

If the object plane in the image plane are not parallel distortion occurs

A

True

113
Q

Which of these body parts has the highest subject contrast

A

Chest

114
Q

Which of the following will result in the best spatial resolution

A

.3 MM FS

115
Q

Collies fracture is

A

Distal radius fracture with posterior dislocation

116
Q

Thick objects are more distorted than thin ones T/F

A

True

117
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Bowing of shaft

118
Q

And image receptor with _____ can be used over a greater range of exposures

A

Wide latitude

119
Q

If you increase IR speed you will increase or decrease spatial resolution

A

Decrease

120
Q

A high-quality image should always demonstrate

A

Minimal magnification

121
Q

The area projected onto the patient in the image receptor

A

Effective focal spot

122
Q

Which of the following are symptoms of shock

A

Cool clammy pale skin Low blood pressure accelerated pulse

123
Q

As KVP ____ The probability of photoelectric absorption ______

A

Increases, decreases

124
Q

Which of the following characteristics describes the interaction between x-radiation and barium sulfate

A

Increase x-ray photon absorption, high atomic number of contrast agent, increased radiographic contrast

125
Q

Diverticulum is a

A

Pouch like herniations through muscular walls

126
Q

Air must not be injected when performing venipuncture because

A

An air embolus word form and may be fatal to the patient

127
Q

The two primary forms of x ray Interaction in the diagnostic range are

A

Compton scattering, photoelectric absorption

128
Q

Air contrast BE studies are successful because

A

Low KVP techniques are used, there are differences in effective atomic number, there are differences in mass density

129
Q

Which of the following patient history factors could result in medical complications from barium sulfate administration

A

Colin biopsy two hours ago, ulcerative colitis, sedated patient

130
Q

Add the first indication of a contact the technologist

A

Stop the exam and obtain help so as not to alarm the patient

131
Q

Suspension agents such as sodium carbonate added to a barium sulfate to prevent

A

Flocculation

132
Q

Which of the following drugs should be discontinued 48 hours before and up to 48 hours after the administration of water soluble iodinated contrast media

A

Glucophage

133
Q

All patients should expect correct procedures with regard to drug administration these correct procedures or rights include

A

The correct time forgiving the drug, The right route of a ministration, correct drug and drug amount administered

134
Q

Which of the following maybe used to effectively reduce the viscosity of contrast media

A

Warming

135
Q

The ideal Iodinated contrast agent would have what characteristics

A

Low osmolality, non-ionic chemical structure

136
Q

A good patient history should be taken by the technologist to

A

Assist a radiologist in understanding the patient’s illness disease or injury

137
Q

In reviewing a patient’s blood work prior to the administration of contrast media which of the following BUN ranges is considered normal

A

8-25 mg/100 ml

138
Q

Proper treatment for contrast media extravasation into tissues around a vein includes

A

Application of moist heat to affected area, application of pressure to injection site

139
Q

What is the most frequently use site for IV injection of contrast media

A

Anti-cubital vein

140
Q

Which of the following are characteristics of barium sulfate

A

Metallic salts, higher atomic number

141
Q

A severe life-threatening response to a drug is called

A

Anaphylaxis

142
Q

A common contrast media used to demonstrate the G.I. tract is

A

Barium sulfate

143
Q

The highest incidence of contrast media reactions occurs with the use of

A

Iodinated contrast media

144
Q

The most frequently performed exam using a contrast medium is a

A

Chest x-ray

145
Q

Which of the following criteria would be considerations for the use of nonionic contrast media rather than an ionic contrast agent for a CT exam

A

The patient reports a history of hayfever, patient is 75-year-old diabetic, patient experienced nausea and flushing during previous injection of contrast media, sickle cell disease, patient has a history of cardiac problems

146
Q

When a G.I. series has been requested on a patient with suspected perforated ulcer the type of contrast media that should be used is

A

Water soluble

147
Q

Who is the most important person in the radiology department

A

The patient

148
Q

Each of the following is an example of a negative contrast media except

A

Barium sulfate

149
Q

The osmotic affects of ionic contrast agents are a result of the movement of

A

Water from the body cells into the bloodstream causing increased blood volume and higher blood pressure

150
Q

Contrast media that are high in osmolality can be harmful to the patients with compromise renal function. Patient to commonly have compromised kidney function include

A

Patients with diabetes, renal dialysis patients, elderly patients

151
Q

Do use of contrast agents increases the amount of

A

Photoelectric absorption

152
Q

Or select examinations air (negative contrast agent) and radiopaque contrast are used as a pair to outline mucosal lining‘s, joint spaces, passageways. These exams are considered

A

Double contrast studies

153
Q

A quantity of medication introduced over a period of time is termed

A

An infusion

154
Q

A patient is usually required to drink barium in order to demonstrate which of the following structures

A

Plyorus , stomach, duo denim

155
Q

The use of contrast material as a means for visualizing human anatomy has a long history regardless of the type of contrast media the purpose for using contrast media is to

A

Enhance the low subject contrast of anatomic structures

156
Q

Which of the following are true concerning positive contrast media

A

Water soluble iodine compounds may be used if perforations are suspected
Barium should be mixed with cold water for a BE
Barium is an inert substance
Water soluble iodine compounds may cause serious dehydration
Barium is a surgical containment

157
Q

The difference between those x-rays that are absorbed in those that are transmitted

A

Differential absorption

158
Q

An injection that is given to a patient relies on a _____ route of administration

A

Parenteral

159
Q

Which one of the following radiographic examination should be scheduled last

A

UGI

160
Q

Radiographic contrast media that is injected into the circulatory system must be

A

Water soluble

161
Q

Volvulus is

A

Twisting of a loop of bowel

162
Q

Hi atomic number element absorb x-rays at a greater rate than lower atomic elements T/F

A

T

163
Q

A polyp is a

A

Small growth from the mucous membranes

164
Q

The recommendation to use cold tapwater when mixing with a barium sulfate for barium enema enema studies is to reduce which of the following symptoms

A

Abdominal cramping, bowel irritation, colon spasms

165
Q 
Choose the priority scheduling order of fasting patient scheduled for contrast media examination 
1  children 
2  elderly or  debilitated  patients 
3  adult 
4  diabetic patients
A

2413

166
Q

Differential absorption is dependent on the

A

KVP of the exposure, atomic number of the absorber, mass density of the absorber

167
Q

And air embolus can form as a complication of negative contrast media administration

A

True

168
Q

Air must not be injected when performing an IV because

A

And air embolus would form and may become fatal to the patient

169
Q

After injected Iodinated contrast media radiographer should

A

Remain with the patient and observe for signs of reaction

170
Q

Radiolucent contrast media appear

A

Dark on images

171
Q

Which of the following drugs is an antihistamine and is given to the patient who is experiencing a minor allergic reaction such as hives

A

Benadryl

Radiology (13 decks)

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