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Radiology > Semester 2 image procedures final > Flashcards

Semester 2 image procedures final Flashcards

1
Q

Which procedure is commonly performed to demonstrate scoliosis

A

PA entire spine

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2
Q

What structures should be demonstrated during inter-operative hip pinning procedure

A

Acetabulum to proximal femur

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3
Q

During mobile radiography shielding should be used on;
1 Children
2 Women of reproductive age
3 Radiographer

A

123

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4
Q

What protective apparel must be worn when imaging a contact precaution patient

A

Gloves and gown

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5
Q

What is the most common location for an aspirated foreign body

A

Right side of bronchial tree

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6
Q

The lateral projection of the cervical thoracic vertebrae (swimmers method) is required When

A

C7 is not demonstrated on the lateral C-spine image

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7
Q

Who would be included as non-sterile team member
1 anesthesia provider
2 physician assistant
3 radiographer

A

1 3

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8
Q

During mobile radiography the radiographer should be how far from the object being radiographed

A

6 feet

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9
Q

Which method should be used when taking images to localize a penetrating for an object

A

Mark entrance wound with lead arrow

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10
Q

What operative procedure best demonstrates the spine

A

Laminectomy

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11
Q

How many people are required to safely immobilize a pediatric patient using a pig-o-stat

A

2

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12
Q

One of the ways to obtain a pediatric patient cooperation is to

A

Talk to the child at their eye level

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13
Q

The most effective means of decreasing motion during mobile radiography is

A

High KVP

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14
Q

If parents are allowed in the room they should wear

A

An apron and lead gloves if their hands are in the beam

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15
Q

Which of the following is recommended method of limb radiography of preschool age patients

A

Sitting on a parents lap

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16
Q

Moving the image intensive fire closer to the patient will

A

Decrease patient dose

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17
Q

Why should a left lateral decubitus position be performed to demonstrate free air in the abdomen

A

Free air will collect under the right diaphragm

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18
Q

Which of the following should be part of the routine protocol when imaging a pediatric patient for a suspected aspirated foreign body
1 PA chest
2 soft tissue neck
3 lateral chest

A

1 2 3

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19
Q

Which item should be removed prior to pediatric abdominal imaging

A

The diaper

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20
Q

Generally which of the following rules should be followed when imaging limbs on a trauma patient

A

Obtain two images 90° apart

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21
Q

All of the following provide radiation protection for the radiographer during surgical procedures except

A

Placing the tube side of the C arm above the patient

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22
Q

Which body parts can be imaged on pediatric patients using the pig-o-stat immobilizer

A

Chest and abdomen

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23
Q

A child will be less likely to be upset or agitated if

A

The room is prepared before he or she enters

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24
Q

In communicating with the adolescent patient it is important to assess their

A

Maturity level

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25
Q

Which position would best demonstrate free air fluid levels on a neonate

A

Dorsal decubitus

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26
Q

When performing the AP production of the abdomen the left lateral decubitus position which of the following apply
1 center the image receptor to inches above the iliac crest
2 include the diaphragm
3 The left side of the abdomen should be in close contact with the radio Lucent sponge
4 Center the image receptor at the iliac crest

A

123

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27
Q

Which of the following statements is not true during a trauma procedure

A

Take at least three images of the area of interest

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28
Q

What technical factor change should be performed when our image is under exposed and requires more penetration

A

Increase your KVP by 15%

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29
Q

What projection should be performed first on a trauma patient with a suspected C-spine injury

A

Lateral C-spine

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30
Q

The single most effective means of radiation protection for the radiographer during mobile radiography is

A

Distance

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31
Q

Nationwide the most common operator error for C-arm units that unnecessarily increase patient dose is

A

Placing the x-ray tube too close to the skin

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32
Q

Where should the C-arm be positioned during an intraoperative hip pinning procedure

A

Parallel to the unaffected leg

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33
Q

Which of the following are common sites for mobile radiography is performed
1 surgery
2 intensive care units
3 patient hospital rooms

A

123

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34
Q

When a radiographer suspect child abuse what is the required response

A

Notify the radiologist or attending physician

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35
Q

What is the role of the radiographer during trauma procedures?
1 proper patient ID
2 proper lead markers
3 move quickly

A

123

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36
Q

Which of the following are symptoms of shock that can be readily observed by a radiographer

A

Excessive sweating
Cool clammy skin
Increased drowsiness

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37
Q

What criteria is used when evaluating a mobile chest image for correct positioning
1 Sternoclavicular joint symmetrical
2 scapula out of lung field
3 clavicles above lung field

A

1

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38
Q

Which position would be best to obtain a mobile AP chest radiograph

A

Sitting up

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39
Q

When conducting a C arm radiography the radiographer can employ which of the following methods to decrease patient does and decrease dose to the operating room team

A

Place II as close as possible to the patient
Collimate to the area of interest
Use low-dose mode

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40
Q

When performing an AP pelvis on a trauma patient which procedure should not be performed

A

Invert the lower limbs 15° medially

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41
Q

The following can be used to protect children from unnecessary radiation exposure
1 hi KVP
2 precise collimation
3 gonads shielding

A

123

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42
Q

For those units where possible increasing the kilovoltage (penetrating power) of the beam will _____ patient skin dose

A

Decrease

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43
Q

Which position would best demonstrate fluid in the right lung on a patient in ICU

A

Right lateral decubitus

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44
Q

In what way or ways can the trauma radiographer provide radiation protection for self the patient and other members of the trauma team

A

All of the above

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45
Q

Preferably pediatric chest radiography should be performed only when

A

Children are awake

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46
Q

What technical factor change should be performed when your images under exposed

A

Double your mAs

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47
Q

Magnifying the viewed area on the patient by decreasing the image intensifier field side as will _____ The patient skin dose

A

Increase

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48
Q

When performing limb radiography what may be required to elevate the limb

A

Radiolucent sponge

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49
Q

Where should the C-arm be centered for an operative Cholangiogram

A

Over the right upper quadrant

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50
Q

The patient is supine with a CR perpendicular to the IR at a point 2 inches medial to the ASIS at a level just above the greater trochanter’s this projection is an AP

A

Hip

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51
Q

What is the proper obliquity of the patient of the axillary are of interest

A

45°

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52
Q

For an AP oblique projection of the pelvis the image receptor should be placed to the upper borders

A

1.5” above crest

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53
Q

Which portions of the hip bone join to form the operator foramen

A

Pubis an ischium only

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54
Q

In an AP oblique projection (modified Cleves) hip, the greater trochanter is seen superimposed over the lower third of the for moral neck. Where is the lesser trochanter seen?

A

In profile medially

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55
Q

Rib examinations are performed upright as possible because

A

It is more comfortable for patients with bony thorax injuries

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56
Q

The AP axial projection (modified Cleves) is most useful for demonstrating

A

Congenital hip disease

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57
Q

Which of the following should be considered when performing an axial lateral ( Danelius - Miller method) of the hip, cross table projection?
1 use grid
2 invert the foot of the affected side
3 use a minimum of 90 KVP for adequate penetration

A

1 3

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58
Q

How should the central ray be directed for the AP oblique projection (modified Cleves method) to demonstrate bilateral hips

A

Perpendicularly

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59
Q

An AP radiograph of the pelvis reveals that the operator foramen of the right side is considerably smaller than on the left what is the possible cause of this problem

A

The patient was rotated toward the right side

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60
Q

To best visualize lower ribs the exposure should be made

A

On expiration

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61
Q

The AP projection for upper rib should demonstrate the first _____ pair of ribs

A

1- 10

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62
Q

Which of the following is true for examinations of the femur

A

AP and lateral images must include both the knee and hip joints

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63
Q

If a patient is diagnosed with a hip fracture that require surgery what exam with the radiographer be required to perform

A

Supine chest x-ray

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64
Q

For the AP projection of the upper ribs the top of the image receptor should be placed ____ The upper border of the shoulders

A

1.5” above

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65
Q

When conducting rib radiography is protocol allows it is often helpful to include PA chest radiograph to demonstrate

A

Pneumothorax

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66
Q

The most inferior aspect of the pelvic girdle is

A

Ischium bones

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67
Q

Which part of the sternum is located at the level of T10

A

Xiphoid process

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68
Q

You are conducting hip radiography and your AP pelvis demonstrates a sub optimal image of the hip how will you proceed

A

Perform a cone down a P hip

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69
Q

Which two projections best demonstrate injured posterior ribs numbers 10 11 and 12 on the right side

A

AP and AP oblique with the patient RPO

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70
Q

Which projection of the lower limbs or pelvis should the hips be flexed and the femurs be abducted from the midline of the patient

A

AP oblique projection (modified Cleaves method) for femoral neck

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71
Q

Which of the following pelvic bones help form the acetabulum

A

Ilium, pubis, ischium

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72
Q

The lateral projection of the femur will demonstrate be

A

All of the above

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73
Q

Which of the following are part of the bony thorax

  1. 12 thoracic vertebrae
  2. scapulas
  3. 24 ribs
A

1 &3

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74
Q

The right PA oblique projection LAO position of the ribs will demonstrate which of the following

A

Farthest/away from the I R

75
Q

PA rib radiograph should demonstrate a minimum of how many pairs of ribs above the diaphragm

A

7

76
Q

The false ribs are numbered

A

8-12

77
Q

Some pairs of ribs are called true ribs because they

A

Attached directly to the sternum via costal cartilage

78
Q

The head of the rib articulates with the

A

Body of the vertebrae

79
Q

Which of the following would be required to achieve a true AP projection of the hip joint

  1. 15° internal rotation of the affected leg
  2. Affected leg fully extended
  3. CR entering to inches posterior to the greater trochanter
A

1 2

80
Q

For an AP projection of the femur on a non-trauma patient the leg should be

A

Rotated 15° medially

81
Q

Which of the following is the most superior aspect of the sternum

A

Manubrium

82
Q

For the axial lateral hip ( Daniella’s Miller method) which of the following is placed parallel to the IR

A

Femoral neck

83
Q

The sternal angle lies at the level of

A

T4

84
Q

Which of the following patient positions will best demonstrate the sternal clavicular joint’s

A

Prone

85
Q

Which projection of the hip or pelvis should not be performed if the patient is suspected to have an intertrochanteric fracture

A

Lateral projection (modified Cleaves method) of the hip

86
Q

The junction between the tubercle of a rib in the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra is known as a ___ joint

A

Costotransverse

87
Q

To most effectively demonstrate injured anterior ribs number five and six on the right side which to projection should be included as part of the series

A

PA & PA oblique with the patient LAO

88
Q

Which portion of the sternum contains the jugular notch

A

Manubrium

89
Q

PA projection of the upper ribs will demonstrate which of the following

A

Anterior ribs above the diaphragm

90
Q

The proper centering point for an AP projection of the pelvis is

A

Midway between the ASIS in pubic symphysis

91
Q

When the leg is fully extended the correct anatomical location of the patella is

A

Superimposed over the medial aspect of the distal femur

92
Q

When evaluating a hip fracture if the patient is unable to object to the affected side what projection may be substituted for an AP oblique

A

Cross table lateral projection

93
Q

The RAO position is used to project the sternum to the left of the thoracic vertebrae in order to take advantage of

A

❤️ shadow

94
Q

Which of the following body positions will you long is the right ribs
1 lateral
2 LAO
3 RPO

A

2 3

95
Q

Which of the following trauma cervical spine production/positions must be performed

A

Lateral horizontal beam

96
Q

Which of the following will prevent the AEC detector from prematurely terminating the exposure during a lateral lumbar spine

A

Please sing a sheet of lead rubber on the table behind the patient

97
Q

Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve
1 cervical
2 thoracic
3 lumbar

A

1 3

98
Q

For the AP axial projection of the cervical spine to best demonstrate intravertebral disc spaces do you CR should be directed

A

15 to 20° cephalad

99
Q

The evaluation criteria for an AP axial projection of the coccyx includes which of the following
1 free of super imposition of the pelvic bones
2 located distal to the sacrum
3 joint spaces open without overlap
4 in the mid sagittal plane

A

1234

100
Q

The cervical spine has a _____ curvature

A

Lordotic

101
Q

According to Meryls the KVP for a lateral lumbar spine is

A

96

102
Q

For the PA axial oblique projection RAO position of the C-spine the CR should be directed toward the entry point at an angle of

A

15 to 20° caudad

103
Q

For an AP axial projection of the coccyx CR is directed

A

10° caudad entering 2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

104
Q

The opening spinal cord passes is the

A

Vertebral foramen

105
Q

The soft semigelatinous central portion of the intravertebral disc space is called the

A

Nucleus Pulposis

106
Q

Which of the following procedures would be performed for a lateral projection swimmers method to demonstrate the cervical thoracic region
1 raise hand and arm closest to the receptor
2 rotate remote shoulder (farthest from receptor) posteriorly
3 if remote shoulder is unable to be depressed angle CR 5° Cephalad

A

1 2

107
Q

To demonstrate the left intervertebral foramen of the cervical spine which position is the position please

A

RPO

108
Q

The AP axial projection of the cervical spine to demonstrate which vertebrae

A

C3-T2

109
Q

What is the primary reason a patient should flex for hips and knees for an AP projection of the lumbar vertebral column

A

To reduce the lordotic curvature

110
Q

Where is the CR directed for a lateral cervical spine

A

C4

111
Q

The position/projection that will best demonstrate the thoracic intravertebral foramen is the

A

Lateral

112
Q

And increased concave curvature of the thoracic spine is known as

A

Kyphosis

113
Q

Two best demonstrate the left sacroiliac joint which position should be performed
1 LAO
2 RPO
3 RAO

A

1 & 2

114
Q

Which radiographic baseline should be perpendicular to the receptor when positioning for the AP projection open mouth method of C1- C2

A

Line extending from the upper incisors to the mastoid tip

115
Q

The LAO position of the cervical spine will visualize essentially the same structures as the

A

RPO

116
Q

According to Merrell the optimal KVP for an AP projection of the lumbar spine

A

90

117
Q

Which of the following evaluation criteria apply to the AP axial projection of the cervical spine
1 Intravertebral disc spaces should be open
2 C1 and C2 should be seen without mandibular super imposition
3 spinous process should be demonstrated through midline of cervical vertebrae

A

1 & 3

118
Q

The cervical intravertebral foramen project anterior at a ____ angle

A

45°

119
Q

According to Meryls the recommended KVP for AP and oblique cervical spine projections is

A

85

120
Q

Which plane of the patient should be centered to the midline of the table for a lateral projection of the lumbar spine

A

Mid coronal

121
Q

How many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed for the lateral projection of the coccyx

A

Perpendicular

122
Q

Which projection best demonstrates the intravertebral foramen of the lumbar spine

A

Lateral

123
Q

And AP projection of the lumbar spine should include which of the
1 T12-S1
2 SI Joints
3 transverse processes

A

All

124
Q

What compensation should be made in the lateral projection of the T spine on a female recumbent patient on the lower thoracic region is not parallel with the table

A

Angle CR 5 to 10° cephalad

125
Q

Positioning instructions for a lateral projection of the cervical spine include
1 patient may be erect or supine
2 shoulders should be depressed as much as possible
3 40 inch SID is preferred distance

A

1 & 2

126
Q

Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve
1 thoracic
2 lumbar
3 sacrum coccyx

A

1 3

127
Q

The SID for a lateral cervical spine must be a minimum of how many inches

A

60-72

128
Q

For AP projections of the lumbar spine flat contact gonad shield should be used for _____ patients

A

All

129
Q

Which of the following should be well demonstrated on an oblique lumbar spine image with the patient in the RPO position
1 right zygapophyseal joints
2 right intravertebral foramen
3 right superior and inferior articular processes

A

1 3

130
Q

The vertebral structure which can be seen in profile on the lateral lumbosacral spine projection is the

A

Spinous process

131
Q

Which of the following are considered primary vertebral curvatures
1 cervical
2 thoracic
3 pelvic

A

2 3

132
Q

Which of the following structures are demonstrated on an AP projection of the lumbar spine

A

Spinous and transverse process, vertebral bodies, intravertebral joint spaces

133
Q

According to Merrell so KVP for a lateral cervical spine is

A

85

134
Q

To best demonstrate the sacrum as in unforshortened structure which projection should be performed

A

AP CR directed 15° cephalad

135
Q

Where is the CR directed for an AP lumbosacral spine

A

Iliac crest

136
Q

For a lateral projection swimmers method which of the following procedures are true
1 patient is placed in lateral recumbent or erect position
2 40 inch SID
3 angle CR 3 to 5° caudally

A

1 2 3

137
Q

Which cervical vertebrae projection demonstrates the spinous process as elevated and widely separated

A

Lateral projection hyperflexion method

138
Q

Which cervical spine projection demonstrates the dens image with the foramen magnum

A

AP projection Fuchs method

139
Q

What structure is best demonstrated when patient is supine CR is directed to the level of 2 to 2 1/2 inches below the ASIS at an angle of 30 to 35° cephalad

A

L5 S1 joint space and bilateral SI joints

140
Q

Which of the following positions best demonstrates the left colic flexure

A

RPO

141
Q

Which opening is at the distal end of the small intestine

A

Ileocecal valve

142
Q

For a BE which structures of the large intestine are primary interest in the AP or PA axial projection

A

Sigmoid and rectum

143
Q

For a double contrast UGI which projections plus positions demonstrate barium sulfate in the fundus of the stomach
1 AP
2 RAO
3 LPO

A

1 3

144
Q

For the double contrast UGI examination which position produces the best image of a gas build duodenal bulb and pyloric canal

A

LPO with patient recumbent

145
Q

Which of the following organs are located primarily in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen
1 stomach
2 spleen
3 liver

A

1 2

146
Q

The stomach is primarily located in which quadrant

A

Upper left

147
Q

Double contrast enema is particularly useful and demonstrating

A

Polyps

148
Q

The stomach wall is composed of how many layers

A

4

149
Q

What is the recommended oblique projection and position to best demonstrate the esophagus

A

PA, RAO

150
Q

According to Merrill’s for KVp selection for single contrast barium enema images is

A

120

151
Q

For the BE, PA axial projection, which of the following statements are true
1 The CR is directed 30 to 40° Cephalad
2 The CR passes through the patient at the level of the ASIS
3 The rectosigmoid area is demonstrated with less super in position then in AP projection

A

Two and three only

152
Q

The opening at the lower end of the stomach is the

A

Pyloric orifice

153
Q

What is the position of the stomach in a hypersthenic pt

A

Superior and transverse

154
Q

Expanded portion of the terminal esophagus is called

A

Cardiac antrum

155
Q

patient preparation for UGI series is

A

NPO after midnight

156
Q

The Valsalva maneuver, water test and Trendelenburg are all methods used to demonstrate

A

Esophageal reflux

157
Q

Which of the following are considered part of the UGI tract
1 esophagus
2. Stomach
3 R collic flexure

A

One and two

158
Q

Which recumbent position is best for emptying barium sulfate from the fundus of the stomach

A

RAO

159
Q

During insertion of the enema tip of the patient is placed in what position

A

Sims

160
Q

Which procedure should be performed for the PA oblique projection RAO position of the stomach
1 rotate hyper stomach patients more than hyposthenic patients
2 CR should enter the Asthenic patient at level of L3 L4
3 CR should enter the pt perpendicularly midway between the spine and left lateral border of the abdomen

A

12 and 3

161
Q

Which body habitus type positions the stomach most vertically and lowest in the abdomen

A

Asthenic

162
Q

Functions of the stomach include
1 Storage of food
2. Absorption of food products
3 Chemical breakdown of food

A

1 3

163
Q

Which one of the following conditions is commonly found in infants and involves the telescoping of one part of the bowel into another part of the bowel

A

Intussception

164
Q

The middle portion of the small intestine is the

A

Jejunum

165
Q

The left colic flexure is demonstrated in which of the following
1 PA oblique projection LAO position
2 left lateral decubitus
3 AP oblique projection RPO position

A

One and three

166
Q

For the right lateral decubitus position as part of the barium enema what should be done to ensure that the ascending colon is demonstrated in the image

A

Elevate the patient on a radio Lucent sponge

167
Q

You are conducting a barium enema procedure using AEC and your image is drastically under expose what adjustment will you make to your technique

A

+2 density

168
Q

Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal
1 mouth and pharynx
2 stomach and intestine
3 liver and pancreas

A

1 2

169
Q

Which of the following are considered contra indications for a small bowel function test with barium
1 malabsorption syndrome
2 pre-surgical patient
3 large bowel obstruction

A

2 3

170
Q

A UGI patient of which body habitus would most likely present with an overlap pyloric region and duo Denal bulb

A

Hypersthenic

171
Q

Which structures of the large intestine are best demonstrated when a recumbent patient is placed in a RPO position

A

The left colic flexure and descending colon

172
Q

Malabsorption syndrome is our clinical indications for which of the following procedure

A

Small bowel function test

173
Q

Patient suffering from gastric contents returning back through the gastric orifice resulting in irritation of the esophagus and stomach lining will most likely suffer from which disease

A

Reflux

174
Q

For APA oblique projection RAO (recumbent) position of the stomach to best demonstrate the duo denim and pyloric canal the patient should be rotated between

A

40 to 70°

175
Q

Which instructions must be given after a G.I. exam
1 drink plenty of fluids
2 cleansing enema
3 increase dietary fiber

A

1

176
Q

What structure is part of both the respiratory and digestive tracts

A

Pharynx

177
Q

For the AP projection of the large intestine the central ray enters

A

At the iliac crest

178
Q

Which of the following positions best demonstrate the right colic flexure ascending colon and sigmoid
1 RPO
2 LAO
3 RAO

A

Three only

179
Q

Which of the following are parts of the large intestine
1 sigmoid
2 rectum
3 anal canal

A

123

180
Q

The main functions of the small bowel are _____ of food
1 digestion
2 absorption
3 Storage

A

12

181
Q

A water soluble contrast medium would likely be use for an enema in place of barium If

A

Perforation of the large intestine was suspected

182
Q

Which of the following projections of the large intestine recommend that the CR enter the patient at the level of the iliac crest
1 AP projection lateral decubitus position
2 AP axial projection butterfly position
3 AP oblique projection RPO position

A

1 3

183
Q

When using AEC for barium enema radiography the radiographer should choose all of the following cells for a supine image

A

All three

184
Q

The primary function of the large intestine is

A

Elimination of Waste
Absorption of water
Absorption of amino acids

Radiology (13 decks)

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