Semester 1 Exam 2 Upper extremity Flashcards
Displacement of a bone is also referred to as a:
dislocation
For radiographs of the first digit the CR should be directed perpendicularly to the:
MCP joint
With the arm in the anatomic position, the radius is on the _____ side:
Lateral
When evaluating a PA oblique projection of the hand, what determines if the part is properly positioned?
3rd,4th and 5th metacarpals slightly superimposed
The olecranon fossa is located on the?
posterior surface of the humerus
If the radius and ulna are crossed over each other on an AP forearm image, the hand was likely:
Pronated
For what purpose is a patient instructed to fold his/her fingers into a loose fist when positioning for a PA projection of the wrist?
Bring wrist closer to IR
Which fracture classifications BEST describes one fracture composed of several fragments?
Comminuted
The first metacarpal is located on which aspect of the hand?
- ulna
- medial
- lateral
3 only
For radiography of the 3rd digit, the CR should be directed perpendicularly to the:
Proximal IP joint
Smallest carpal bone is the
pisiform
most medial carpal bone in distal row
Hamate
Which of the following carpal bones articulate with the metacarpal bones?
capitate, hamate, and trapezium
For the lateral projection of the wrist, it is most important to:
Superimpose distal radius & ulna
For a lateral projection of the hand, when the digits are superimposed and fully extended, the primary areas of interest are:
- displaced fractures within the metacarpal area of the hand
- fractures within the 2nd through 4th phalanges
- foreign bodies within the metacarpal area of the hand
1 & 3 only
How many bones make up the wrist?
8
The forearm consists of which of the following bones?
- ulna
- radius
- humerus
Radius Ulna
The hand consists of how many bones?
27
For the AP projection of the forearm, the hand is:
Supinated
Where in the wrist is the scaphoid bone located?
Lateral side proximal row
The patient position most commonly used to perform a radiograph of a finger (digit) is:
Sitting at the end of the table
How many phalanges are there in the hand?
14
For a routine protocol PA oblique of the wrist, from the pronated position, rotate the wrist.
45 degrees laterally
A radiograph of the digit should include the:
distal phalanx through distal end of metacarpal
Which of the following is proximal to the carpal bones?
radial styloid process
The optimum kVp range for upper limb radiography is:
60-70
The head of the radius articulates with the
capitulum
The function of bones is
Attachment of muscles
Protection of internal organs
Storage of calcium
The portion of the bone that provides attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments is known as the:
tubercle
A PA projection of the hand demonstrates a (an) _____ projection of the first digit:
oblique
For the PA projection of the hand, where should the central ray be directed?
3rd MCP joint
An important consideration(s) in order to avoid excessive metacarpophalangeal overlap in the PA oblique projection of the hand?
oblique the hand no more than 45 degrees
use a support sponge for the phalanges
use an immobilization device if needed
Largest carpal bone is the
capitate
For radiographs of the forearm, how should the hand be positioned for the AP projection and the lateral projection?
AP projection: hand supinated; lateral projection: hand lateral
How would a Radiographer correct an image that is underexposed?
increase mAs
decrease SID
increase kVp
Which of the following items would be needed to perform a PA oblique projection of a hand?
- 1 - inch block
- lead shield
- 45-degree foam wedge
2& 3
Which projection of the forearm will demonstrate the radial head, neck and tuberosity slightly superimposed?
AP
For the AP projection of the forearm, the humeral epicondyles are:
Parallel to IR
Which of the following are well demonstrated on a PA oblique projection of the wrist?
- Capitate
- Trapezium
- Scaphoid
2 &3
For the PA axial projection of the wrist Stretcher method, the central ray is angled _____ degrees
20 degrees
Joints that move in only one plane, such as flexion and extension, are known as ____ joints.
Hinge
For a lateral projection of the hand, the CR is directed perpendicularly toward the:
2nd MCP joint
How many phalanges are there in the thumb?
2
The anatomic structures demonstrated on a routine hand should include:
distal phalanges through distal end of radius and ulna
Which of the following joints should be clearly demonstrated on the AP projection of the forearm?
- Wrist
- Elbow
- Proximal humerus
1 &2
Positioning instructions for the lateral forearm include:
- shoulder to be placed on the same plane as the elbow
- hand to be pronated
- humerus and forearm to be flexed 90 degrees
1& 3
A patient had a routine wrist series. The radiologist suspects a hair line fracture of the scaphoid bones. What radiographic projections(s) would best demonstrate the scaphoid?
- PA axial (stecher method)
- AP oblique
- PA ulnar deviation
1 & 3
Which of the following classification of bones would best describe the metacarpals?
Long
Although the PA oblique is more common when examining the wrist, the AP oblique is sometimes performed to better demonstrate the:
pisiform
The lateral projection of the forearm should demonstrate
Elbow joint
Radius and Ulna
Carpal Bones
Olecranon Process
