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Radiology > Semester 1 Exam 2 Upper extremity > Flashcards

Semester 1 Exam 2 Upper extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Displacement of a bone is also referred to as a:

A

dislocation

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2
Q

For radiographs of the first digit the CR should be directed perpendicularly to the:

A

MCP joint

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3
Q

With the arm in the anatomic position, the radius is on the _____ side:

A

Lateral

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4
Q

When evaluating a PA oblique projection of the hand, what determines if the part is properly positioned?

A

3rd,4th and 5th metacarpals slightly superimposed

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5
Q

The olecranon fossa is located on the?

A

posterior surface of the humerus

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6
Q

If the radius and ulna are crossed over each other on an AP forearm image, the hand was likely:

A

Pronated

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7
Q

For what purpose is a patient instructed to fold his/her fingers into a loose fist when positioning for a PA projection of the wrist?

A

Bring wrist closer to IR

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8
Q

Which fracture classifications BEST describes one fracture composed of several fragments?

A

Comminuted

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9
Q

The first metacarpal is located on which aspect of the hand?

  1. ulna
  2. medial
  3. lateral
A

3 only

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10
Q

For radiography of the 3rd digit, the CR should be directed perpendicularly to the:

A

Proximal IP joint

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11
Q

Smallest carpal bone is the

A

pisiform

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12
Q

most medial carpal bone in distal row

A

Hamate

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13
Q

Which of the following carpal bones articulate with the metacarpal bones?

A

capitate, hamate, and trapezium

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14
Q

For the lateral projection of the wrist, it is most important to:

A

Superimpose distal radius & ulna

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15
Q

For a lateral projection of the hand, when the digits are superimposed and fully extended, the primary areas of interest are:

  1. displaced fractures within the metacarpal area of the hand
  2. fractures within the 2nd through 4th phalanges
  3. foreign bodies within the metacarpal area of the hand
A

1 & 3 only

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16
Q

How many bones make up the wrist?

A

8

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17
Q

The forearm consists of which of the following bones?

  1. ulna
  2. radius
  3. humerus
A

Radius Ulna

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18
Q

The hand consists of how many bones?

A

27

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19
Q

For the AP projection of the forearm, the hand is:

A

Supinated

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20
Q

Where in the wrist is the scaphoid bone located?

A

Lateral side proximal row

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21
Q

The patient position most commonly used to perform a radiograph of a finger (digit) is:

A

Sitting at the end of the table

22
Q

How many phalanges are there in the hand?

A

14

23
Q

For a routine protocol PA oblique of the wrist, from the pronated position, rotate the wrist.

A

45 degrees laterally

24
Q

A radiograph of the digit should include the:

A

distal phalanx through distal end of metacarpal

25
Q

Which of the following is proximal to the carpal bones?

A

radial styloid process

26
Q

The optimum kVp range for upper limb radiography is:

A

60-70

27
Q

The head of the radius articulates with the

A

capitulum

28
Q

The function of bones is

A

Attachment of muscles
Protection of internal organs
Storage of calcium

29
Q

The portion of the bone that provides attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments is known as the:

A

tubercle

30
Q

A PA projection of the hand demonstrates a (an) _____ projection of the first digit:

A

oblique

31
Q

For the PA projection of the hand, where should the central ray be directed?

A

3rd MCP joint

32
Q

An important consideration(s) in order to avoid excessive metacarpophalangeal overlap in the PA oblique projection of the hand?

A

oblique the hand no more than 45 degrees
use a support sponge for the phalanges
use an immobilization device if needed

33
Q

Largest carpal bone is the

A

capitate

34
Q

For radiographs of the forearm, how should the hand be positioned for the AP projection and the lateral projection?

A

AP projection: hand supinated; lateral projection: hand lateral

35
Q

How would a Radiographer correct an image that is underexposed?

A

increase mAs
decrease SID
increase kVp

36
Q

Which of the following items would be needed to perform a PA oblique projection of a hand?

  1. 1 - inch block
  2. lead shield
  3. 45-degree foam wedge
A

2& 3

37
Q

Which projection of the forearm will demonstrate the radial head, neck and tuberosity slightly superimposed?

A

AP

38
Q

For the AP projection of the forearm, the humeral epicondyles are:

A

Parallel to IR

39
Q

Which of the following are well demonstrated on a PA oblique projection of the wrist?

  1. Capitate
  2. Trapezium
  3. Scaphoid
A

2 &3

40
Q

For the PA axial projection of the wrist Stretcher method, the central ray is angled _____ degrees

A

20 degrees

41
Q

Joints that move in only one plane, such as flexion and extension, are known as ____ joints.

A

Hinge

42
Q

For a lateral projection of the hand, the CR is directed perpendicularly toward the:

A

2nd MCP joint

43
Q

How many phalanges are there in the thumb?

A

2

44
Q

The anatomic structures demonstrated on a routine hand should include:

A

distal phalanges through distal end of radius and ulna

45
Q

Which of the following joints should be clearly demonstrated on the AP projection of the forearm?

  1. Wrist
  2. Elbow
  3. Proximal humerus
A

1 &2

46
Q

Positioning instructions for the lateral forearm include:

  1. shoulder to be placed on the same plane as the elbow
  2. hand to be pronated
  3. humerus and forearm to be flexed 90 degrees
A

1& 3

47
Q

A patient had a routine wrist series. The radiologist suspects a hair line fracture of the scaphoid bones. What radiographic projections(s) would best demonstrate the scaphoid?

  1. PA axial (stecher method)
  2. AP oblique
  3. PA ulnar deviation
A

1 & 3

48
Q

Which of the following classification of bones would best describe the metacarpals?

A

Long

49
Q

Although the PA oblique is more common when examining the wrist, the AP oblique is sometimes performed to better demonstrate the:

A

pisiform

50
Q

The lateral projection of the forearm should demonstrate

A

Elbow joint
Radius and Ulna
Carpal Bones
Olecranon Process

Radiology (13 decks)

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