semester 2 final Flashcards
1
Q
a disorder of the brain when brain cells die
A
alzheimer’s
2
Q
receives incoming sensory information & responds
A
central nervous system
3
Q
carries information back & forth to the brain & spinal cord
A
peripheral nervous system
4
Q
neuron separation
A
synapse
5
Q
specialized cells that transmit messages
A
neurons
6
Q
allows control of voluntary skeletal muscles
A
somatic nervous system
7
Q
cells make up nervous tissue that insulated & protects neurons
A
neuroglia
8
Q
regulates automatic involuntary activity in muscles & glands
A
autonomic nervous system
9
Q
membrane that covers the cerebrum
A
meninges
10
Q
largest area of brain
A
cerebrum
11
Q
vision, object identification
A
occipital
12
Q
heart rate, blood pressure
A
medulla oblongata
13
Q
memory, planning
A
frontal
14
Q
stay alert
A
thalamus
15
Q
pain, taste
A
parietal
16
Q
balance
A
cerebellum
17
Q
sneezing, coughing
A
medulla oblongata
18
Q
hearing, smelling
A
temporal
19
Q
appetite, metabolism, temp
A
hypothalamus
20
Q
sympathetic nervous system
A
rest & digest, prioritizes digestive system
21
Q
parasympathetic
A
fight or flight, prioritizes circulatory system
22
Q
forms an image in eye
A
retina
23
Q
white outer layer of eye
A
sclera
24
Q
watery fluid in anterior chamber
A
aqueous humor
25
jelly like substance in posterior chamber
vitreous humor
26
dividing point
lens
27
iris made up of
smooth muscle
28
mucous membrane
conjunctiva
29
tears produced by
lacrimal gland
30
night vision
rods
31
daylight vision
cones
32
optical disc called
blind spot
33
nearsighted
myopia
34
farsighted
hyperopia
35
curvature of lens
astigmatism
36
bending of light
refraction
37
eardrum
tympanic membrane
38
slender tube from middle ear to back of throat
eustachian tube
39
snail like structure
cochlea
40
chemicals allowing u to smell
olfactory receptors
41
tears contain
antibodies, enzymes, lysosomes
42
transfer vibration from eardrum to anvil
hammer
43
transfer vibration from anvil to fluids
stirrup
44
sends auditory & balance signals to brain
vestibule
45
breathing when air enters lungs
inspiration
46
gas exchanges between systemic capillary blood & body cells
internal respiration
47
rushing air in & out of lungs
hyperventilating
48
gas exchange between alveolar air & pulmonary capillary blood
external respiration
49
air leaving lungs
expiration
50
diaphragm spasm
hiccups
51
air forces out of lungs against glottis
cough
52
clears upper respiratory passage ways
sneeze
53
increases ventilation of lungs
yawn
54
closes off larynx during swallowing
epiglottis
55
c-shaped cartilage structures
trachea
56
pulmonary gas exchange
alveoli
57
layer covering thorax walls
parietal
58
layer covering lungs
visceral
59
vibrate & make sound with expired air
vocal cords
60
clean out old rbc
liver, spleen
61
blood pH
7.35-7.45
62
fluid portion of blood
plasma
63
pigment that transports oxygen in rbcs
hemoglobin
64
name of rbcs
erythrocytes
65
rbcs can survive for
100-120 days
66
blood clot moving through body
embolism
67
rbcs formed in bone marrow located where
long bones
68
wbcs called
leukocytes
69
common stem cell that starts forming blood cells
hemocytoblast
70
hormone that controls rbc production
erythropoietin
71
person producing too many rbcs
polycythemia
72
sore throat & elevated wbc count
mononucleosis
73
genetically determined protein forming plasma membrane
antigen
74
universal blood receiver
AB
75
few organelles, no nucleus
RBC
76
uses blood vessels for transportation
leukocytes
77
human body contains how much blood
5-6 liters
78
universal blood donor
O
79
cancerous bone marrow & huge amounts of wbcs
leukemia
80
blood functions
transport nutrients & respiratory gas, distribution of heat
81
rbc main job
transportation of nutrients & gases
82
wbc main job
body defense against germs
83
platelets job
blood clotting
84
plasma made of
water, salts, protein, hormones, nutrients, waste, wbcs
85
rbc formation
hemocytoblast
myeloid
reticulocytes
rbc
86
blood clot formation
vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
blood clotting
serotonin release
87
blood away from heart
artery
88
blood to heart
veins
89
blood vessels, gas exchange
capillaries
90
small artery
arterioles
91
small veins
venules
92
pump blood out of heart
ventricle
93
receiving chamber
atrium
94
liver
hepatic
95
kidney
renal
96
pulmonary semilunar valve
doorway between rt ventricle & pulmonary artery
97
aortic semilunar valve
doorway between left ventricle & aorta
98
pulmonary circulation
blood from heart to lungs to heart
99
systemic circulation
blood leaving heart thru aorta
100
largest artery
aorta
101
largest vein
vena cava
102
largest neck vein
jugular
103
largest neck artery
carotid
104
collects rbcs & deactivates then
spleen
105
makes t-lymphocytes
thymus
106
lymphatic glands in pharynx
tonsils
107
lymphatic glands in small intestine
peyers patches
108
attack cancer cells & germs
lymphocytes
109
lymphatic system function
return plasma to heart after removal of germs
110
circulatory system function
pump blood
111
located on top of kidneys
adrenal glands
112
encloses kidneys
renal capsule
113
filters inside kidneys
glomerus
114
end product of protein breakdown
urea
115
kidneys held in place by
adipose tissue
116
make up urine
ammonia, water, urea, uremic acid, potassium
117
should not be in urine
glucose, proteins, pus, rbcs, bile
118
urinary system functions
rid body of liquid waste, regulate blood volume & composition
119
chemical products of endocrine gland
hormone
120
thyroid located
below larynx, in front of trachea
121
thymus gland located
above heart
122
thyroid gland swells in absence of iodine
goiter
123
hormones delivered by
circulatory system
124
production of growth hormone
anterior pituitary
125
produced by posterior pituitary & regulates blood pressure
ADH
126
hormones filtered by
kidneys
127
hormones deactivated by
liver
128
releases melatonin
pineal gland
129
regulates sleep
melatonin
130
releases calcitonin
thyroid gland
131
tells body to store calcium in bones
calcitonin
132
reversed calcium storage in bones
parathyroid
133
hormones controlled
produced by gland, causes reaction, reaction turned off by another hormone, kidney filters hormone, liver deactivates
134
hormones out of control
giantism
135
hormones don’t function
dwarfism
136
kidneys location
superior lumbar region, dorsal wall, lateral to spinal cord
137
are kidneys even
right side lower to accommodate liver
138
endocrine system function
release hormones, regulate body growth, reproduction, metabolism
139
main functions of digestive system
digestion, absorption
140
connects tongue to floor of mouth
frenulum
141
uvula hangs from
soft palate
142
membrane that lines abdominal cavity
parietal peritoneum
143
fatty extension of peritoneum that covers small intestines
one tim
144
under floor of mouth, salivary gland
sublingual gland
145
digestion & absorption of sugar starts in
oral cavity
146
wavelike contractions that move food through esophagus
peristalsis
147
food converted in stomach to heavy cream called
chyme
148
digestive enzymes enter duodenum from
pancreas, gallbladder
149
liver enzyme that digests fats
bile
150
2nd part of small intestine
jejunum
151
large intestine function
reabsorb water & collect solid waste
152
largest organ in body
liver
153
bile is stored in
gallbladder
154
produce hydrochloric acid
parietal cells
155
folds in stomach
rugae
156
underlying structures around small intestine that keep in place & feed blood vessels
mesentery
157
keeps food moving down small intestines
villi
158
area between cheek & gum
vestibule
159
small intestine bulges through omentum when there in strain in lifting
hernia
160
saclike out pocketings of large intestine wall
haustra
161
relationship liver & gallbladder
liver makes bile, gallbladder stores it
162
relationship liver - kidney
kidney filters hormones, liver deactivates them
163
relationship blood - bone marrow
blood cells are made in bone marrow
164
relationship central - peripheral nervous system
PNS collects information & sends to CNS, cns makes decisions about how to respond & sends through PNS
165
relationship thyroid- digestion
thyroid controls metabolism, how fast digestion happens
