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Anatomy > semester 2 final > Flashcards

semester 2 final Flashcards

1
Q

a disorder of the brain when brain cells die

A

alzheimer’s

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2
Q

receives incoming sensory information & responds

A

central nervous system

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3
Q

carries information back & forth to the brain & spinal cord

A

peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

neuron separation

A

synapse

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5
Q

specialized cells that transmit messages

A

neurons

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6
Q

allows control of voluntary skeletal muscles

A

somatic nervous system

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7
Q

cells make up nervous tissue that insulated & protects neurons

A

neuroglia

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8
Q

regulates automatic involuntary activity in muscles & glands

A

autonomic nervous system

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9
Q

membrane that covers the cerebrum

A

meninges

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10
Q

largest area of brain

A

cerebrum

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11
Q

vision, object identification

A

occipital

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12
Q

heart rate, blood pressure

A

medulla oblongata

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13
Q

memory, planning

A

frontal

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14
Q

stay alert

A

thalamus

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15
Q

pain, taste

A

parietal

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16
Q

balance

A

cerebellum

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17
Q

sneezing, coughing

A

medulla oblongata

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18
Q

hearing, smelling

A

temporal

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19
Q

appetite, metabolism, temp

A

hypothalamus

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20
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

rest & digest, prioritizes digestive system

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21
Q

parasympathetic

A

fight or flight, prioritizes circulatory system

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22
Q

forms an image in eye

A

retina

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23
Q

white outer layer of eye

A

sclera

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24
Q

watery fluid in anterior chamber

A

aqueous humor

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25
Q

jelly like substance in posterior chamber

A

vitreous humor

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26
Q

dividing point

A

lens

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27
Q

iris made up of

A

smooth muscle

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28
Q

mucous membrane

A

conjunctiva

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29
Q

tears produced by

A

lacrimal gland

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30
Q

night vision

A

rods

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31
Q

daylight vision

A

cones

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32
Q

optical disc called

A

blind spot

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33
Q

nearsighted

A

myopia

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34
Q

farsighted

A

hyperopia

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35
Q

curvature of lens

A

astigmatism

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36
Q

bending of light

A

refraction

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37
Q

eardrum

A

tympanic membrane

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38
Q

slender tube from middle ear to back of throat

A

eustachian tube

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39
Q

snail like structure

A

cochlea

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40
Q

chemicals allowing u to smell

A

olfactory receptors

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41
Q

tears contain

A

antibodies, enzymes, lysosomes

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42
Q

transfer vibration from eardrum to anvil

A

hammer

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43
Q

transfer vibration from anvil to fluids

A

stirrup

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44
Q

sends auditory & balance signals to brain

A

vestibule

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45
Q

breathing when air enters lungs

A

inspiration

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46
Q

gas exchanges between systemic capillary blood & body cells

A

internal respiration

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47
Q

rushing air in & out of lungs

A

hyperventilating

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48
Q

gas exchange between alveolar air & pulmonary capillary blood

A

external respiration

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49
Q

air leaving lungs

A

expiration

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50
Q

diaphragm spasm

A

hiccups

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51
Q

air forces out of lungs against glottis

A

cough

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52
Q

clears upper respiratory passage ways

A

sneeze

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53
Q

increases ventilation of lungs

A

yawn

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54
Q

closes off larynx during swallowing

A

epiglottis

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55
Q

c-shaped cartilage structures

A

trachea

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56
Q

pulmonary gas exchange

A

alveoli

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57
Q

layer covering thorax walls

A

parietal

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58
Q

layer covering lungs

A

visceral

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59
Q

vibrate & make sound with expired air

A

vocal cords

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60
Q

clean out old rbc

A

liver, spleen

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61
Q

blood pH

A

7.35-7.45

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62
Q

fluid portion of blood

A

plasma

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63
Q

pigment that transports oxygen in rbcs

A

hemoglobin

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64
Q

name of rbcs

A

erythrocytes

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65
Q

rbcs can survive for

A

100-120 days

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66
Q

blood clot moving through body

A

embolism

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67
Q

rbcs formed in bone marrow located where

A

long bones

68
Q

wbcs called

A

leukocytes

69
Q

common stem cell that starts forming blood cells

A

hemocytoblast

70
Q

hormone that controls rbc production

A

erythropoietin

71
Q

person producing too many rbcs

A

polycythemia

72
Q

sore throat & elevated wbc count

A

mononucleosis

73
Q

genetically determined protein forming plasma membrane

A

antigen

74
Q

universal blood receiver

A

AB

75
Q

few organelles, no nucleus

A

RBC

76
Q

uses blood vessels for transportation

A

leukocytes

77
Q

human body contains how much blood

A

5-6 liters

78
Q

universal blood donor

A

O

79
Q

cancerous bone marrow & huge amounts of wbcs

A

leukemia

80
Q

blood functions

A

transport nutrients & respiratory gas, distribution of heat

81
Q

rbc main job

A

transportation of nutrients & gases

82
Q

wbc main job

A

body defense against germs

83
Q

platelets job

A

blood clotting

84
Q

plasma made of

A

water, salts, protein, hormones, nutrients, waste, wbcs

85
Q

rbc formation

A

hemocytoblast
myeloid
reticulocytes
rbc

86
Q

blood clot formation

A

vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
blood clotting
serotonin release

87
Q

blood away from heart

A

artery

88
Q

blood to heart

A

veins

89
Q

blood vessels, gas exchange

A

capillaries

90
Q

small artery

A

arterioles

91
Q

small veins

A

venules

92
Q

pump blood out of heart

A

ventricle

93
Q

receiving chamber

A

atrium

94
Q

liver

A

hepatic

95
Q

kidney

A

renal

96
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve

A

doorway between rt ventricle & pulmonary artery

97
Q

aortic semilunar valve

A

doorway between left ventricle & aorta

98
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

blood from heart to lungs to heart

99
Q

systemic circulation

A

blood leaving heart thru aorta

100
Q

largest artery

A

aorta

101
Q

largest vein

A

vena cava

102
Q

largest neck vein

A

jugular

103
Q

largest neck artery

A

carotid

104
Q

collects rbcs & deactivates then

A

spleen

105
Q

makes t-lymphocytes

A

thymus

106
Q

lymphatic glands in pharynx

A

tonsils

107
Q

lymphatic glands in small intestine

A

peyers patches

108
Q

attack cancer cells & germs

A

lymphocytes

109
Q

lymphatic system function

A

return plasma to heart after removal of germs

110
Q

circulatory system function

A

pump blood

111
Q

located on top of kidneys

A

adrenal glands

112
Q

encloses kidneys

A

renal capsule

113
Q

filters inside kidneys

A

glomerus

114
Q

end product of protein breakdown

A

urea

115
Q

kidneys held in place by

A

adipose tissue

116
Q

make up urine

A

ammonia, water, urea, uremic acid, potassium

117
Q

should not be in urine

A

glucose, proteins, pus, rbcs, bile

118
Q

urinary system functions

A

rid body of liquid waste, regulate blood volume & composition

119
Q

chemical products of endocrine gland

A

hormone

120
Q

thyroid located

A

below larynx, in front of trachea

121
Q

thymus gland located

A

above heart

122
Q

thyroid gland swells in absence of iodine

A

goiter

123
Q

hormones delivered by

A

circulatory system

124
Q

production of growth hormone

A

anterior pituitary

125
Q

produced by posterior pituitary & regulates blood pressure

A

ADH

126
Q

hormones filtered by

A

kidneys

127
Q

hormones deactivated by

A

liver

128
Q

releases melatonin

A

pineal gland

129
Q

regulates sleep

A

melatonin

130
Q

releases calcitonin

A

thyroid gland

131
Q

tells body to store calcium in bones

A

calcitonin

132
Q

reversed calcium storage in bones

A

parathyroid

133
Q

hormones controlled

A

produced by gland, causes reaction, reaction turned off by another hormone, kidney filters hormone, liver deactivates

134
Q

hormones out of control

A

giantism

135
Q

hormones don’t function

A

dwarfism

136
Q

kidneys location

A

superior lumbar region, dorsal wall, lateral to spinal cord

137
Q

are kidneys even

A

right side lower to accommodate liver

138
Q

endocrine system function

A

release hormones, regulate body growth, reproduction, metabolism

139
Q

main functions of digestive system

A

digestion, absorption

140
Q

connects tongue to floor of mouth

A

frenulum

141
Q

uvula hangs from

A

soft palate

142
Q

membrane that lines abdominal cavity

A

parietal peritoneum

143
Q

fatty extension of peritoneum that covers small intestines

A

one tim

144
Q

under floor of mouth, salivary gland

A

sublingual gland

145
Q

digestion & absorption of sugar starts in

A

oral cavity

146
Q

wavelike contractions that move food through esophagus

A

peristalsis

147
Q

food converted in stomach to heavy cream called

A

chyme

148
Q

digestive enzymes enter duodenum from

A

pancreas, gallbladder

149
Q

liver enzyme that digests fats

A

bile

150
Q

2nd part of small intestine

A

jejunum

151
Q

large intestine function

A

reabsorb water & collect solid waste

152
Q

largest organ in body

A

liver

153
Q

bile is stored in

A

gallbladder

154
Q

produce hydrochloric acid

A

parietal cells

155
Q

folds in stomach

A

rugae

156
Q

underlying structures around small intestine that keep in place & feed blood vessels

A

mesentery

157
Q

keeps food moving down small intestines

A

villi

158
Q

area between cheek & gum

A

vestibule

159
Q

small intestine bulges through omentum when there in strain in lifting

A

hernia

160
Q

saclike out pocketings of large intestine wall

A

haustra

161
Q

relationship liver & gallbladder

A

liver makes bile, gallbladder stores it

162
Q

relationship liver - kidney

A

kidney filters hormones, liver deactivates them

163
Q

relationship blood - bone marrow

A

blood cells are made in bone marrow

164
Q

relationship central - peripheral nervous system

A

PNS collects information & sends to CNS, cns makes decisions about how to respond & sends through PNS

165
Q

relationship thyroid- digestion

A

thyroid controls metabolism, how fast digestion happens

Anatomy (15 decks)

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