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Anatomy > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Cytology

A

The study of the cell

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2
Q

plasma membrane

A

The semi permeable membrane between the cell contents in either the cell wall or the cell surroundings

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3
Q

cytoplasm

A

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

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4
Q

mitochondria

A

The organelles in which the nutrients are converted to energy

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5
Q

lysosomes

A

The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins carbs and some lipids

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6
Q

ribosomes

A

place where the protein is built

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7
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

serves a mini circulatory system providing a network of channels for caring substances from one part of the cell to another

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8
Q

Microvilli

A

fold in the cell membrane that allow it to expand and shrink

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9
Q

rough ER

A

contains ribosomes and makes plasma membrane lipids

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10
Q

smooth ER

A

makes cholesterol and steroids

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11
Q

vacuole

A

A membrane-bound sac

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12
Q

waste vacuoles

A

vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion

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13
Q

food vacuoles

A

vacuoles that contain food

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14
Q

contractile vacuole‘s

A

regulate the amount of water that comes in and out of the cell

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15
Q

Golgi bodies

A

The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then packaged in such a way that the cell can tell where it goes, then transported where it’s needed

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16
Q

centrioles

A

form flagella, cilia, involved in mitosis

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17
Q

nucleus

A

Control center of the cell, holds the cells DNA

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18
Q

ribonucleic acid RNA

A

held in the nuclear membrane until ready to make proteins

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19
Q

Nucleolus

A

The center where RNA is made

20
Q

passive transport

A

movement of molecules through the plasma membrane, no cell energy involved, molecules use energy to diffuse through

21
Q

Active transport

A

movement of molecules through the plasma membrane, cell uses energy to get the molecule in or out

22
Q

adenosine triphosphate

A

fully loaded energy molecule

23
Q

adenosine diphosphate

A

A little bit of energy is released

24
Q

Code of life bases

A

adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, (uracil for RNA)

25
Q

codon

A

three bases from mRNA

26
Q

anti-codon

A

three bases from tRNA

27
Q

RNA

A

ribonucleic acid constructs the protein

28
Q

MRNA

A

takes protein recipe from DNA and transports codons to ribosome

29
Q

TRNA

A

provides building materials to complete proteins

30
Q

Proteins

A

build cell parts, repair cell parts, enzymes speed up chemical reactions

31
Q

cellular respiration equation

A

c6h12o6 + 6o2 > 6co2 + 6h2o +atp

32
Q

First stage of cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis

33
Q

how many ATP are formed in glycolysis

A

4

34
Q

is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic

A

anaerobic

35
Q

where does glycolysis take place

A

Outside the mitochondria

36
Q

Name the second stage

A

formation of acetyl Co enzyme A

37
Q

where does CoA take place

A

Inside the mitochondria

38
Q

Name the third stage

A

kreb’s cycle

39
Q

How many ATP are formed in kreb cycle

A

2

40
Q

Where does Krebs cycle occur

A

Inside the mitochondria

41
Q

Name the fourth stage

A

Electron transport system

42
Q

How much energy is formed in the fourth stage

A

32

43
Q

How many molecules of energy are formed from all four stages

A

38, net 36

44
Q

How many water molecules are formed from all four stages

A

6

45
Q

how many carbon dioxide molecules are formed from all four stages

A

Six

46
Q

What is the function of ATP

A

To pass out energy in the cell

Anatomy (15 decks)

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