chapter 2

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

mass

Answer 2

The amount of matter in an object is made up of

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

protons plus neutrons

Question 4

electrons

Answer 4

negative particles, moving around the outside of the nucleus

Question 5

Element

Answer 5

A collection of atoms with the same numbers of protons

Question 6

isotopes

Answer 6

A collection of atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 7

molecules

Answer 7

chemicals that result from atoms linking together

Question 8

ionic bonds

Answer 8

metals plus nonmetals

Question 9

covalent bonds

Answer 9

nonmetals plus nonmetals

Question 10

hydrogen bonds

Answer 10

hydrogen bonding to either oxygen or nitrogen

Question 11

physical change

Answer 11

generally reversible, molecules keep their characteristics

Question 12

Chemical change

Answer 12

not reversible, molecules give up their characteristics to form a new chemical

Question 13

solution

Answer 13

solvent plus solute

Question 14

solvent

Answer 14

largest portion, liquid or gas

Question 15

solute

Answer 15

substance being dissolved

Question 16

concentration

Answer 16

how much solute is in the solution

Question 17

Diffusion

Answer 17

molecular movement from high solute concentration to low

Question 18

osmosis

Answer 18

solvent travels toward high solute concentrations

Question 19

semi permeable membrane

Answer 19

allows some molecules in, keep some molecules out

Question 20

organic molecule

Answer 20

contains carbon plus hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, S, P

Question 21

in organic molecules

Answer 21

do not contain carbon, water, salt, acids, bases

Question 22

biosynthesis

Answer 22

A living organism makes a substance

Question 23

carbohydrates

Answer 23

carbon plus water molecule

Question 24

monosaccharides

Answer 24

carbohydrate with 3–10 carbon atoms

glucose
fructose

Question 25

disaccharides

Answer 25

carbohydrates made up of two monosaccharides sucrose

Question 26

polysaccharides

Answer 26

carbohydrates made up of three or more monosaccharides starch cellulose

Question 27

glycogen

Answer 27

A starch that people and animals make to store energy

Question 28

cellulose

Answer 28

makes up cell walls in plants, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi

Question 29

acids

Answer 29

molecules release H ions when mixed in solution ph 0-6.9 sour

Question 30

bases

Answer 30

molecules that release hydroxyl ions in solution ph 7.1-14 slimy feel bitter

Question 31

neutralization equation

Answer 31

hCl + NAOH > nacl + h2o

Question 32

lipids

Answer 32

glycerol +3 fatty acid's

Question 33

saturated fat

Answer 33

A lipid with no double bonds between carbon atoms. Solid at room temperature

Question 34

unsaturated fat

Answer 34

A lipid with at least one double bond between carbon atoms. | liquid at room temperature

Question 35

proteins

Answer 35

made up of amino acids

Question 36

peptide bond

Answer 36

A bond that links amino acids together in a protein

Question 37

enzymes

Answer 37

A special class of proteins that act as catalysts for many of the chemical reactions that support life

Question 38

DNA

Answer 38

A double chain of chemical units called nucleotides double helix T

Question 39

nucleotide bases

Answer 39

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

Question 40

phosphate group

Answer 40

makes up the backbone of the DNA chain

Question 41

deoxyribose

Answer 41

simple sugar, supports the nucleotide chains and connects them to the phosphate group

Question 42

hydrogen bonding in DNA

Answer 42

links the nucleotides together in the chain in a week chemical bond making it easy for DNA to unravel

Question 43

how do you predict sodium will react in a bonding situation

Answer 43

give up electrons

Question 44

how do you predict oxygen will react in a bonding situation

Answer 44

take two electrons

Question 45

how do you predict chlorine will react in a bonding situation

Answer 45

take one electron

Question 46

where is water found in the body

Answer 46

blood, urine, tears

Question 47

where are salts found in the body

Answer 47

bones, teeth, tears

Question 48

where are acids found in the body

Answer 48

stomach, saliva

Question 49

where are bases found in the body

Answer 49

blood

Question 50

three uses for water in the body

Answer 50

regulate body temperature, protective feature around brain and spinal cord, synovial fluid

Question 51

what element must be presented for a compound to be organic

Answer 51

carbon

Question 52

what do carbs break down into

Answer 52

monosaccharides

Question 53

how are carbs used by the body

Answer 53

Quick energy

Question 54

what do lipids breakdown into

Answer 54

three fatty acid's and glycerol

Question 55

how are lipids used by the body

Answer 55

stored energy

Question 56

proteins break down into what

Answer 56

amino acids

Question 57

how are proteins used by the body

Answer 57

construction workers

Question 58

what to parts make up the backbone of the DNA double helix structure

Answer 58

phosphate and deoxyribose

Question 59

rna

Answer 59

single helix | U

Question 60

strong acid and base

Answer 60

far from seven

Question 61

weak acid and base

Answer 61

Close to seven

Question 62

athlete needs more muscle mass and more energy

Answer 62

more protein and carbs

Question 63

hard time staying awake after lunch

Answer 63

more protein at lunch

Question 64

leg cramps and dizziness and headaches

Answer 64

more water

Question 65

stops eating symptoms

Answer 65

sinking kidneys, less energy, body forced to use stored fats, tired