semester 1 unit 2

Question 1

cation

Answer 1

ions that are positively charged

Question 2

anion

Answer 2

ions that are negatively charged

Question 3

covalent

Answer 3

chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 4

hydrogen bonds

Answer 4

weak interactions that are responsible for cohesion and adhesion

Question 5

adhesion

Answer 5

water molecules hydrogen bonding to another kind of molecule; property: capillary action. (allows water to be dissolved within thin spaces, ex. water transporting through plant stems or blood moving through blood vessels)

Question 6

cohesion

Answer 6

water molecules sticking to each other through hydrogen bonding; property: surface tension. (gives small organisms ability to float)

Question 7

hydrolysis reaction

Answer 7

a chemical reaction where water is used to break down the bonds of big compounds

Question 8

condensation reaction

Answer 8

2 small organic molecules combine to form a large molecule + water molecules or other simple molecules (ex. triglyceride)

Question 9

what molecules will water dissolve?

Answer 9

water will dissolve most polar compounds because they’re hydrophilic, non-polar substances repel from water because they’re hydrophobic

Question 10

how does sweating cool your body?

Answer 10

it takes energy to evaporate sweat off your skin and that energy is heat, as your excess body heat is used to convert beads of sweat into vapor, your body begins to cool down

Question 11

anabolism

Answer 11

synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules

Question 12

catabolism

Answer 12

breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules

Question 13

monomer

Answer 13

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer

Question 14

polymer

Answer 14

substance that has a molecular structure consisting of large macromolecules which are repeatedly bonded together

Question 15

enzyme

Answer 15

help speed up the metabolism/chemical reactions in our body, they build and break down substances and are naturally produced

Question 16

catalysis

Answer 16

process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a catalyst

Question 17

what are the 4 major classes of carbon compounds used by living organisms?

Answer 17

lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins

Question 18

urea

Answer 18

organic compound used to excrete nitrogen because it’s non-toxic and highly dissolvable, it’s accidental creation proved theory of vitalism

Question 19

theory of vitalism

Answer 19

solely organic compounds could be synthesized by living organisms because they contain an element that non-living things don’t have

Question 20

saturated fatty acid

Answer 20

have no double bonds, solid at room temp., often from animal sources

Question 21

unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 21

one double or triple bond, liquid at room temp., often from plant sources

Question 22

cis- fatty acid

Answer 22

is naturally occuring, causes a straight chain, “cis” on the same side

Question 23

trans- fatty acid

Answer 23

result of human processing, causes a bend in the chain, “trans” across the other side