semester 1 unit 2 Flashcards
cation
ions that are positively charged
anion
ions that are negatively charged
covalent
chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms
hydrogen bonds
weak interactions that are responsible for cohesion and adhesion
adhesion
water molecules hydrogen bonding to another kind of molecule; property: capillary action. (allows water to be dissolved within thin spaces, ex. water transporting through plant stems or blood moving through blood vessels)
cohesion
water molecules sticking to each other through hydrogen bonding; property: surface tension. (gives small organisms ability to float)
hydrolysis reaction
a chemical reaction where water is used to break down the bonds of big compounds
condensation reaction
2 small organic molecules combine to form a large molecule + water molecules or other simple molecules (ex. triglyceride)
what molecules will water dissolve?
water will dissolve most polar compounds because they’re hydrophilic, non-polar substances repel from water because they’re hydrophobic
how does sweating cool your body?
it takes energy to evaporate sweat off your skin and that energy is heat, as your excess body heat is used to convert beads of sweat into vapor, your body begins to cool down
anabolism
synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules
catabolism
breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules
monomer
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer
polymer
substance that has a molecular structure consisting of large macromolecules which are repeatedly bonded together
enzyme
help speed up the metabolism/chemical reactions in our body, they build and break down substances and are naturally produced
catalysis
process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a catalyst
what are the 4 major classes of carbon compounds used by living organisms?
lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins
urea
organic compound used to excrete nitrogen because it’s non-toxic and highly dissolvable, it’s accidental creation proved theory of vitalism
theory of vitalism
solely organic compounds could be synthesized by living organisms because they contain an element that non-living things don’t have
saturated fatty acid
have no double bonds, solid at room temp., often from animal sources
unsaturated fatty acid
one double or triple bond, liquid at room temp., often from plant sources
cis- fatty acid
is naturally occuring, causes a straight chain, “cis” on the same side
trans- fatty acid
result of human processing, causes a bend in the chain, “trans” across the other side
