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US History > Semester 1 Final > Flashcards

Semester 1 Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the first permeant English settlement in North America

A

Jamestown

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2
Q

How was Jamestown able to survive?

A
  • Good harbors
  • Navigable rivers
  • Surrounding swamps to protect them
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3
Q

Describe the impact on diseases on Native American Populatiom

A

Disease significantly dished Native American populations, disrupted societies and pave the way for European domination into Americans

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4
Q

How did the colonies of the Northeast and the South develop differently in social and economic terms?

A

NORTHEAST: Diversified small scale farming, strong empathies on community and family and relied on family labor and indentured servants
SOUTH: Depeneded heavily on cash crops, based off of plantation agricutle, hierarchical society whose relied on slave labor.

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5
Q

Where and why did the Salem witch trials take place?

A
  • Salem Massachusetts
  • Set of conflicts took place which sparked fear and set stage foe an outbreak to witchcraft
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6
Q

Define mercantilism

A

A form of economic nationalism that sought to increase the wealth by exporting more that imputing

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7
Q

Identify motives for French settlement in North America

A
  • Economic gain (profit from trading)
  • Expansion of territory
  • Stragetic advantages
  • religious mission
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8
Q

Describe the Causes and Effects of the French and Indian War

A

CAUSES: Global power structure, colonial expansion, competing alliances with Native Americans, territorial rivalry
EFFECTS: British victory, increased British debt, colonial resentment, decline of French influence, Native American losses

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9
Q

Explain why the British began to tax the colonist more heavily in the mid 1760’s

A

To help pay for the debt they gained through the French and Indian war and to fund British troops in North America

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10
Q

Describe colonial reaction to the new taxes in the mid 1760’s

A

-Strongley against
- Led them to boycott British goods
- Formed groups such as Sons of Liberty and held public demonstrations

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11
Q

Who were the sons of liberty and what did they was to accomplish

A

Samuel Adam’s, John Adam’s, Patrick Henry, Paul Revere, John Handcock, and James Otis
- They were a secret organization who wanted to bring resistance against British taxation, by direct action

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12
Q

Stamp Act

A

Law passed by parliament to make colonists buy a stamp to place on many items such as wi;pls and newspapers.

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13
Q

Sugar Act

A

British law that taxed sugar, molasses and other goods imported onto the American colonies

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14
Q

Townshed Act

A

Law passed by parliament in the 1767 that set taxes on imports on the colonies

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15
Q

Where did the Continental Congress meet

A

Philadelphia

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16
Q

Where did the first shots of the revolution fired?

A

Lexington, Massachusetts

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17
Q

Who were loyalist and who were patriots?

A

LOYALIST: Colonist who were loyal to Britain
PATRIOT: Colonist who wanted independence from Britain

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18
Q

Why was the Battle of Bunker Hill important to the Patriot cause

A
  • Gave them confidence that they could compete in this war
  • Realized that it was going to be a long ongoing war
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19
Q

Describe the impact of common Sense

A
  • Popularized the idea of independence
  • Shifted public opionon
  • Encouraged revolutionary action
  • increased support for the continental congress
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20
Q

Describe the impact of the Declaration of Independence

A
  • Formalizing a break from Britain
  • Universal ideas of Liberty and Equality
  • Mobilized the colonist for war
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21
Q

What did the French choose to ally with the US during the war for independence?

A
  • Seek revenge from the French and Indian war
  • Support democratic ideas
  • Saw opportunity to diminish British power
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22
Q

What battle brought the Revolutionary war to a close?

A

Yorktown

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23
Q

What did Americans gain under the terms of the Treaty of Paris

A
  • Indepence
  • Territory
  • fishing rights
  • debts and property rights
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24
Q

What role did Jefferson and Hamilton play in Washington’s first administration?

A

JEFFERSON: (Secretary of state) Advocating for state rights and strict interpretation of constrituion(led Democratic- Republican Party)
HAMILTON: (Secretary of treasury) Promoting strong central government, a national bank and not a strong interpretation of the constitution (led Federalist Party)

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25
Q

How did Hamilton work to raise the country out of debt?

A
  • created a financial system (national bank)
    -Assume state debts
  • Implemented tariffs and taxes to stabilize economy and build credit
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26
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

Was a protest by farmers against federal excise tax on Whiskey

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27
Q

Describe the significance of the Whiskey Rebellion

A

Demonstrated the federal governments ability to enforce law as well as strengthening national goverment

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28
Q

How did Washington respond to the French Revolution?

A
  • Concerned about its growing violence and radicalism
  • Issued the Proclamation of neutrality declaring natural conflict between revolutionary France and Britain
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29
Q

Describe the response by the country to the XYZ affair

A
  • Outraged Americans
  • Calls for war against France
  • tended its military and fought an undeclared naval conflict
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30
Q

What was the purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts?

A

Meant to make it harder for immigrants to become citizens and punish people who critiqued new government

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31
Q

Explain the significance of Marbury v. Madison

A

Case established the power of judicial review for the Supreme Court

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32
Q

What did the US gain from the Louisiana Purchase?

A

Land which dramatically increased the size of the US

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33
Q

Describe the outcome of the War of 1812

A

The ended with a status quip meaning no real victory for either side

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34
Q

How dud the Industrial Revolution change the American workforce?

A

Shifted American workforce form agriculture to factory-based jobs, introduced mass production and created urbanization

35
Q

Describe the impact of the cotton gin

A
  • Increased cotton production
  • Boosted southern economy
  • expanded slavery
36
Q

Why did whites in the south support slavery?

A

Central tot heir economy (agriculture) and it upheld social hierarchy and racial dominance

37
Q

How did the US aquire Florida from the Spanish?

A

Through the Adam- Onis Treaty
- Spain ceded Florida in exchange for the US assuming 5 million in claims and requesting claims to Texas

38
Q

Explain the terms and impacts if the Missouri Compromise

A

TERMS: Allwoed Missouri to enter a slave star and Maine to enter as a free state (balanced senate) BAnned slavery in the north of the 3630 line in Louisiana
IMPACTS: Temporarily eased tensions over slavery but highlight sectional division

39
Q

Why and with whom was John Quincy Adam’s charged with making a “corrupt bargain” in the election of 1824

A

There was no president who won electoral majority and it was up to the House of Representives. Henry CLay was then appointed Secretary of Sate

40
Q

How did Jackson use the spoils system to rewards-political supporters

A

Gave government jobs to has political supporters and loyalists, replacing many existing position holders regardless of their qualifications

41
Q

Describe the impact of the Indian Removal Act in 1830

A

Forced Native Americans tribes to relocate to lands west of the Mississippi River know as the trail of tears

42
Q

Define Manifest Destiny

A

Belief that the US should expand across the continent

43
Q

What role did Brigham Young play in the westward migration

A

Led Mormon pioneers to Utah, establishing a religious settlement helping thousands seek religious freedom and a safe haven

44
Q

Where did the Mormons settle?

A

Salt Lake City, UTah

45
Q

What did the experience of the Donner PArty reflect about Westward migration?

A

Reflects the dangers and hardships of westward migration
(Harsh weather, difficult terrain, lack of resources)

46
Q

Why was Texas denied admission to the Union?

A
  • Concerns of expansion of slavery and conflict with Mexico
  • Create an imbalance of free and slave states
47
Q

How did the US aquire Oregon

A

Through a treaty with Britain called the ORegon treaty

48
Q

Causes and Effects of the Mexican War (1848)

A

CAUSES: Annexation of Texas, Border distrupes, manifest density
Effects: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, expansion of slavery debate, rise of the US military leadership , Mexico;s loss

49
Q

What did the North and the SOuth gain in the compromise of 1850?

A

NORTH: Gained California as a free state and abolition of the slave trade in Washington
SOUTH: Gained stricter Fugitive Slave Laws and possibility of slavery in new territories due to popular sovereignty

50
Q

Define Popular Sovereignty

A

Idea that people living in a territory should make their own decisions, especially the decision to admit slavery

51
Q

Describe the impact of Unlce Toms Cabinet on the relationship between the North and SOuth

A

Intensified the relationships between the north and south. The north becomes more sympathetic to abolition, while the south sea it as and attack to their way of life

52
Q

What was the underground railroads?

A

secret network for people who hood fugitive slavers who went north for freedom

53
Q

Describe the impact of the Underground Railroad

A

Helped thousands of enslaved African Americans esp are to freedom in the North to Canada

54
Q

Who was Harriet Tubman and what did she accomplish

A

Famous leader of the underground railroads. She led many slaves to freedom and never got caught

55
Q

When was the Republican Party founded and what did they stand for?

A
  • March of 1854
  • They opposed the expansion of slavery and promoted labor and supported economic moderazation
56
Q

Why did the Kanas territory come to be labeled “Bleeding Kanas” in the aftermath of the Kanas NEbraska act of 1854?

A

Cue to the violent conflicts between pro and anti slavery factions after the Kansas Nebraska Act

57
Q

Explain the importance for th Dred Scott descions

A
  • Ruled African Americans free or enslaved could not be US citizens
  • Declared Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
  • Congress can’t prohibit slavery in the territories
58
Q

Who was John Brown and describe the events that transpired at HArpers Ferry

A

JOHN BROWN: Abolitionsit who believed in using violence to overthrown slavery
He led a raid to Harpers Ferry hoping to start a slave rebellion. He failed, was captured, tried for treason and executed. Fueled conflict that le to the civil war

59
Q

Who were the canadites and who won the election of 1860?

A

Lincon won
- Lincon (Republican)
-Stephan A. Douglas (Notherne Democrat)
-John C (Southern democrats)
- John Bell (Conititutional army)

60
Q

How did the southern states react to the election of Lincoln in 1860?

A

They seceded from the union fearing that anti-slavery stance would threaten their way of life

61
Q

Why was Fort Sumter significant?

A

Attack started the war (Union fort in Charleston)

62
Q

What was the Anaconda plan/

A

Three part union strategy to winning the civil war

63
Q

What roles did Le and Grant play in the war?

A

LEE: General of confederate army, known for his tactical brilliance and leadership in battle
GRANT: Commanding general for union army, with aggressive tactics leading to north victory

64
Q

Bull Run

A

battle won by confederates

65
Q

Antietam

A

Union Victory

66
Q

Shiloh

A

Two day battle in which nearly one fourth of the 10,000 troops were killed wounded or captured

67
Q

Gettysburg

A

Most decisive battle of the war

68
Q

Vicksburg

A

Union victory in Mississippi

69
Q

What were Camp Douglas and ANderville examples of?

A

Prison camps

70
Q

What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation?

A

Declared enslaved people in the confederate states free, and purpose was to weaken the south and strengthen the union army

71
Q

What was the purpose of conscription and how was it used by both sides?

A

Purpose: Make sure both times had enough soilders
- NORTH: implementing drafts allowing weather individuals to avoid service by paying
SOUTH: Required men from age 18-35 to serve and leather expanded it

72
Q

Where and when was the treaty that ended the Civil war sign

A
  • April 1865
  • Appomattox courthouse
73
Q

Describe the events surrounding Lincoln’s assainiation

A
  • Lincon shot in Fords theater by John Wilkes Booth who knew the theater really well
  • Lincon was immediately unconscious
  • Both escapes and I was on the run for 12 days but eventually captured and killed by Union soldiers
74
Q

Which amendment legally ended slavery in the US

A

13th amendment

75
Q

What was Lincoln’s goal for reconstruction?

A

Reunite the nation quickly and peacefully while abolishing slavery

76
Q

What did the 10% plan require?

A

10% of voters in the Confederate states to swear loyalty to the Union

77
Q

Why did the Republican Party grow in strengthen in the south following the civil war?

A

Because it championed reconstruction and supported rights for freed AA

78
Q

Carpetbagger

A

Northerner who moved south after the war

79
Q

Scalawag

A

White southerner who joined the Republican Party

80
Q

Sharecropping

A

System in which land owners leased a few acres of land to farm workers in return for a portion of crops

81
Q

Tenant farming

A

Renting land from landowners for cash

82
Q

What role did the KKK play during reconstruction?

A

Used violence and intimidation to suppress Blacks right to vote, undermine Reconstruction efforts and restore white dominance

83
Q

Why did Grant struggle during his presidentcy?

A

He struggled due to widespread corruption with his administration (Whiskey ring, Credit Mobile and untrustworthy advisors)

84
Q

What was the compromise of 1877?

A

Ended presidential election (Hayes) as well as ended the Reconstrucion

US History (8 decks)

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