Semester 1 Final Flashcards
What is the first permeant English settlement in North America
Jamestown
How was Jamestown able to survive?
- Good harbors
- Navigable rivers
- Surrounding swamps to protect them
Describe the impact on diseases on Native American Populatiom
Disease significantly dished Native American populations, disrupted societies and pave the way for European domination into Americans
How did the colonies of the Northeast and the South develop differently in social and economic terms?
NORTHEAST: Diversified small scale farming, strong empathies on community and family and relied on family labor and indentured servants
SOUTH: Depeneded heavily on cash crops, based off of plantation agricutle, hierarchical society whose relied on slave labor.
Where and why did the Salem witch trials take place?
- Salem Massachusetts
- Set of conflicts took place which sparked fear and set stage foe an outbreak to witchcraft
Define mercantilism
A form of economic nationalism that sought to increase the wealth by exporting more that imputing
Identify motives for French settlement in North America
- Economic gain (profit from trading)
- Expansion of territory
- Stragetic advantages
- religious mission
Describe the Causes and Effects of the French and Indian War
CAUSES: Global power structure, colonial expansion, competing alliances with Native Americans, territorial rivalry
EFFECTS: British victory, increased British debt, colonial resentment, decline of French influence, Native American losses
Explain why the British began to tax the colonist more heavily in the mid 1760’s
To help pay for the debt they gained through the French and Indian war and to fund British troops in North America
Describe colonial reaction to the new taxes in the mid 1760’s
-Strongley against
- Led them to boycott British goods
- Formed groups such as Sons of Liberty and held public demonstrations
Who were the sons of liberty and what did they was to accomplish
Samuel Adam’s, John Adam’s, Patrick Henry, Paul Revere, John Handcock, and James Otis
- They were a secret organization who wanted to bring resistance against British taxation, by direct action
Stamp Act
Law passed by parliament to make colonists buy a stamp to place on many items such as wi;pls and newspapers.
Sugar Act
British law that taxed sugar, molasses and other goods imported onto the American colonies
Townshed Act
Law passed by parliament in the 1767 that set taxes on imports on the colonies
Where did the Continental Congress meet
Philadelphia
Where did the first shots of the revolution fired?
Lexington, Massachusetts
Who were loyalist and who were patriots?
LOYALIST: Colonist who were loyal to Britain
PATRIOT: Colonist who wanted independence from Britain
Why was the Battle of Bunker Hill important to the Patriot cause
- Gave them confidence that they could compete in this war
- Realized that it was going to be a long ongoing war
Describe the impact of common Sense
- Popularized the idea of independence
- Shifted public opionon
- Encouraged revolutionary action
- increased support for the continental congress
Describe the impact of the Declaration of Independence
- Formalizing a break from Britain
- Universal ideas of Liberty and Equality
- Mobilized the colonist for war
What did the French choose to ally with the US during the war for independence?
- Seek revenge from the French and Indian war
- Support democratic ideas
- Saw opportunity to diminish British power
What battle brought the Revolutionary war to a close?
Yorktown
What did Americans gain under the terms of the Treaty of Paris
- Indepence
- Territory
- fishing rights
- debts and property rights
What role did Jefferson and Hamilton play in Washington’s first administration?
JEFFERSON: (Secretary of state) Advocating for state rights and strict interpretation of constrituion(led Democratic- Republican Party)
HAMILTON: (Secretary of treasury) Promoting strong central government, a national bank and not a strong interpretation of the constitution (led Federalist Party)
How did Hamilton work to raise the country out of debt?
- created a financial system (national bank)
-Assume state debts - Implemented tariffs and taxes to stabilize economy and build credit
Whiskey Rebellion
Was a protest by farmers against federal excise tax on Whiskey
Describe the significance of the Whiskey Rebellion
Demonstrated the federal governments ability to enforce law as well as strengthening national goverment
How did Washington respond to the French Revolution?
- Concerned about its growing violence and radicalism
- Issued the Proclamation of neutrality declaring natural conflict between revolutionary France and Britain
Describe the response by the country to the XYZ affair
- Outraged Americans
- Calls for war against France
- tended its military and fought an undeclared naval conflict
What was the purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Meant to make it harder for immigrants to become citizens and punish people who critiqued new government
Explain the significance of Marbury v. Madison
Case established the power of judicial review for the Supreme Court
What did the US gain from the Louisiana Purchase?
Land which dramatically increased the size of the US
Describe the outcome of the War of 1812
The ended with a status quip meaning no real victory for either side
How dud the Industrial Revolution change the American workforce?
Shifted American workforce form agriculture to factory-based jobs, introduced mass production and created urbanization
Describe the impact of the cotton gin
- Increased cotton production
- Boosted southern economy
- expanded slavery
Why did whites in the south support slavery?
Central tot heir economy (agriculture) and it upheld social hierarchy and racial dominance
How did the US aquire Florida from the Spanish?
Through the Adam- Onis Treaty
- Spain ceded Florida in exchange for the US assuming 5 million in claims and requesting claims to Texas
Explain the terms and impacts if the Missouri Compromise
TERMS: Allwoed Missouri to enter a slave star and Maine to enter as a free state (balanced senate) BAnned slavery in the north of the 3630 line in Louisiana
IMPACTS: Temporarily eased tensions over slavery but highlight sectional division
Why and with whom was John Quincy Adam’s charged with making a “corrupt bargain” in the election of 1824
There was no president who won electoral majority and it was up to the House of Representives. Henry CLay was then appointed Secretary of Sate
How did Jackson use the spoils system to rewards-political supporters
Gave government jobs to has political supporters and loyalists, replacing many existing position holders regardless of their qualifications
Describe the impact of the Indian Removal Act in 1830
Forced Native Americans tribes to relocate to lands west of the Mississippi River know as the trail of tears
Define Manifest Destiny
Belief that the US should expand across the continent
What role did Brigham Young play in the westward migration
Led Mormon pioneers to Utah, establishing a religious settlement helping thousands seek religious freedom and a safe haven
Where did the Mormons settle?
Salt Lake City, UTah
What did the experience of the Donner PArty reflect about Westward migration?
Reflects the dangers and hardships of westward migration
(Harsh weather, difficult terrain, lack of resources)
Why was Texas denied admission to the Union?
- Concerns of expansion of slavery and conflict with Mexico
- Create an imbalance of free and slave states
How did the US aquire Oregon
Through a treaty with Britain called the ORegon treaty
Causes and Effects of the Mexican War (1848)
CAUSES: Annexation of Texas, Border distrupes, manifest density
Effects: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, expansion of slavery debate, rise of the US military leadership , Mexico;s loss
What did the North and the SOuth gain in the compromise of 1850?
NORTH: Gained California as a free state and abolition of the slave trade in Washington
SOUTH: Gained stricter Fugitive Slave Laws and possibility of slavery in new territories due to popular sovereignty
Define Popular Sovereignty
Idea that people living in a territory should make their own decisions, especially the decision to admit slavery
Describe the impact of Unlce Toms Cabinet on the relationship between the North and SOuth
Intensified the relationships between the north and south. The north becomes more sympathetic to abolition, while the south sea it as and attack to their way of life
What was the underground railroads?
secret network for people who hood fugitive slavers who went north for freedom
Describe the impact of the Underground Railroad
Helped thousands of enslaved African Americans esp are to freedom in the North to Canada
Who was Harriet Tubman and what did she accomplish
Famous leader of the underground railroads. She led many slaves to freedom and never got caught
When was the Republican Party founded and what did they stand for?
- March of 1854
- They opposed the expansion of slavery and promoted labor and supported economic moderazation
Why did the Kanas territory come to be labeled “Bleeding Kanas” in the aftermath of the Kanas NEbraska act of 1854?
Cue to the violent conflicts between pro and anti slavery factions after the Kansas Nebraska Act
Explain the importance for th Dred Scott descions
- Ruled African Americans free or enslaved could not be US citizens
- Declared Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
- Congress can’t prohibit slavery in the territories
Who was John Brown and describe the events that transpired at HArpers Ferry
JOHN BROWN: Abolitionsit who believed in using violence to overthrown slavery
He led a raid to Harpers Ferry hoping to start a slave rebellion. He failed, was captured, tried for treason and executed. Fueled conflict that le to the civil war
Who were the canadites and who won the election of 1860?
Lincon won
- Lincon (Republican)
-Stephan A. Douglas (Notherne Democrat)
-John C (Southern democrats)
- John Bell (Conititutional army)
How did the southern states react to the election of Lincoln in 1860?
They seceded from the union fearing that anti-slavery stance would threaten their way of life
Why was Fort Sumter significant?
Attack started the war (Union fort in Charleston)
What was the Anaconda plan/
Three part union strategy to winning the civil war
What roles did Le and Grant play in the war?
LEE: General of confederate army, known for his tactical brilliance and leadership in battle
GRANT: Commanding general for union army, with aggressive tactics leading to north victory
Bull Run
battle won by confederates
Antietam
Union Victory
Shiloh
Two day battle in which nearly one fourth of the 10,000 troops were killed wounded or captured
Gettysburg
Most decisive battle of the war
Vicksburg
Union victory in Mississippi
What were Camp Douglas and ANderville examples of?
Prison camps
What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation?
Declared enslaved people in the confederate states free, and purpose was to weaken the south and strengthen the union army
What was the purpose of conscription and how was it used by both sides?
Purpose: Make sure both times had enough soilders
- NORTH: implementing drafts allowing weather individuals to avoid service by paying
SOUTH: Required men from age 18-35 to serve and leather expanded it
Where and when was the treaty that ended the Civil war sign
- April 1865
- Appomattox courthouse
Describe the events surrounding Lincoln’s assainiation
- Lincon shot in Fords theater by John Wilkes Booth who knew the theater really well
- Lincon was immediately unconscious
- Both escapes and I was on the run for 12 days but eventually captured and killed by Union soldiers
Which amendment legally ended slavery in the US
13th amendment
What was Lincoln’s goal for reconstruction?
Reunite the nation quickly and peacefully while abolishing slavery
What did the 10% plan require?
10% of voters in the Confederate states to swear loyalty to the Union
Why did the Republican Party grow in strengthen in the south following the civil war?
Because it championed reconstruction and supported rights for freed AA
Carpetbagger
Northerner who moved south after the war
Scalawag
White southerner who joined the Republican Party
Sharecropping
System in which land owners leased a few acres of land to farm workers in return for a portion of crops
Tenant farming
Renting land from landowners for cash
What role did the KKK play during reconstruction?
Used violence and intimidation to suppress Blacks right to vote, undermine Reconstruction efforts and restore white dominance
Why did Grant struggle during his presidentcy?
He struggled due to widespread corruption with his administration (Whiskey ring, Credit Mobile and untrustworthy advisors)
What was the compromise of 1877?
Ended presidential election (Hayes) as well as ended the Reconstrucion
