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Psychology Year 1 > Self Reports > Flashcards

Self Reports Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a self report ?

A

A method which involves asking participants about their feelings, attitudes and beliefs towards something E.G. questionnaire, interviews

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2
Q

What is a questionnaire?

A

A type of self report that’s consists of a set of questions usually in a highly structured written form. Open and closed questions

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3
Q

Strength of questionnaires ?

A

Reach large number of participants

Often encourages honest answers

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4
Q

Weaknesses of questionnaires ?

A

Low response rates
Less flexible
Cannot judge body language

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5
Q

What is an interview ?

A

A type of self report they can have pre determined questions or no pre determined questions the researcher records answers

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6
Q

Strength of interviews ?

A

Can be altered (flexible)

Able to asses body language

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7
Q

Weaknesses of interviews ?

A

Participants may be dishonest as they may feel more judged

Hard to reach lots of people

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8
Q

What is a structured interview ?

A

When the reasearcher has pre determined questions and does not deviate from these during the interview

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9
Q

Strengths of structured interview ?

A

All questions are relevant and gain relevant data

Less open to bias

Easy to compare people’s answers

Easy to replicate

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10
Q

Weaknesses of structured interviews ?

A

Can feel to formal

Participants might not be honest

Less depth

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11
Q

What is a semi structured interview?

A

An interview with some pre determined questions but new questions are created in response to the participants answers

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12
Q

Strengths of semi structured interviews ?

A

The person being interviewed feels more comfortable

Gets relevant answers but also interesting ones

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13
Q

Weaknesses of semi structured interviews ?

A

Can be time consuming

Might be biased

Hard to keep track

Hard to replicate

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14
Q

What is an unstructured interview ?

A

An interview with no pre determined questions

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15
Q

Strengths of an unstructured interview ?

A

Interview feels more comfortable

The person being interviewed is more likely to open up

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16
Q

Weaknesses of an unstructured interview ?

A

More open to bias

Hard to compare peoples answers

Hard to replicate

Researcher could go off topic

Less relevant data

17
Q

What are open questions ?

A

Questions with no restricted response E.G. describe the last dream you can remember.

18
Q

Strengths of open questions ?

A

Gives the participant the option to answer how they like which leads to more accurate answers

In depth and detailed

19
Q

Weaknesses of open questions ?

A

Very hard to analyse and compare

Some of the answer may be irrelevant

20
Q

What are closed questions ?

A

Questions with a restricted response E.G. do you dream often (yes/no answer)

21
Q

Strengths of closed questions ?

A

Very easy to analyse and compare

All answers will be relevant

22
Q

Weaknesses of closed questions ?

A

No depth in answers

Might not reflect participants accurately

23
Q

What are rating scales ?

A

A type of closed question used to gather comparative information about something

24
Q

Strengths of rating scales

A

You know the strength of opinion

Easy to analyse

Gives number so can work out median

25
Q

Weaknesses of rating scales

A

Open to response bias

Less meaning

26
Q

What is a semantic differential rating scale ?

A

Measures a persons attitude towards something by putting something on a scale between two descriptive words

27
Q

Strengths of the semantic differential scale ?

A

Gives the scale more meaning

Easy to analyse

28
Q

Weaknesses of the semantic differential rating scale ?

A

Open to response bias

Might be hard for some people to understand E.G. children or language barrier

29
Q

What is a likert scale ?

A

A type of rating scale which allows people to indicate how much they agree or disagree with a statement

30
Q

Strengths of a likert scale ?

A

You know strength of opinion

Easy to analyse

31
Q

Weakness of likert scale ?

A

Open to response bias

Doesn’t give you a number

32
Q

What is response bias ?

A

When participants opt for the middle number on a scale to not show extreme bias

33
Q

Why is response bias a bad thing ?

A

Can ruin research

Shows no effort to contribute properly

34
Q

What is social desirability bias ?

A

When the participants change their behaviour to be seen as favourable / normal / desirable by others

35
Q

Why is social desirability bias a bad thing ?

A

Ruins research

Unreliable data

36
Q

What are demand characteristics?

A

When participants change their behaviour to suit the needs of the researcher

37
Q

Why are demand characteristics a bad thing ?

A

Can ruin research

Response bias

Psychology Year 1 (28 decks)

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