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Psychology Year 1 > Observations > Flashcards

Observations Flashcards

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1
Q

What are structured observations ?

A

The researcher has pre determined behaviours ready to tally

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2
Q

Strengths of structured observations?

A

There’s a clear direction

Good for inter reliability

Easy to record and analyse

Less likely to miss behaviours

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3
Q

Weaknesses of structured observations ?

A

Behaviours may occur that aren’t on the checklist and then don’t get recorded

Observers bias could occur when making checklist behaviours

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4
Q

What are unstructured observations ?

A

The researcher does not have a pre determined behaviour checklist and records any behaviours they see.

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5
Q

Strengths of unstructured observations ?

A

Allows the observer to record any behaviours they see.

Not restricted to a checklist

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6
Q

Weaknesses of unstructured observations ?

A

May lose sight of the actual observation and have too many behaviours to record

Difficult to record and analyse

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7
Q

What are naturalistic observations ?

A

An observation carried out in a natural environment/ where you would expect to see that behaviour occur

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8
Q

Strengths of naturalistic observations ?

A

Higher ecological validity

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9
Q

Weaknesses of naturalistic observations ?

A

Less control by researcher

Less replicable

May be unethical

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10
Q

What are controlled observations ?

A

Observations in a controlled setting

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11
Q

Strengths of controlled observations ?

A

Researcher has more control over the observation

Easy to replicate

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12
Q

Weaknesses of controlled observations ?

A

Low ecological validity

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13
Q

What are participant observations ?

A

Where the observers are part of or pretending to be part of participants that are being observed

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14
Q

Strengths of participant observations ?

A

Observers gain first hand data. This may lead to greater accuracy and detail

Less likely to miss behaviours

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15
Q

Weaknesses of participant observations ?

A

May show observer bias, they may get caught up in the observation and interpret the behaviours how they want

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16
Q

What are Non participant observations ?

A

The researcher is not part of the observation

17
Q

Strengths of no participant observations ?

A

Less chance of observer bias if not involved in the observation

18
Q

Weaknesses of non participant observations ?

A

May miss certain behaviours

Difficult to observe every behaviour

Data may be less detailed

19
Q

What are overt observations ?

A

Participants know they are being observed

20
Q

Strengths of overt observations?

A

Reduces ethical issues

21
Q

Weaknesses of overt observations ?

A

Participants may change their behaviour if they know they are being observed

22
Q

What are covert observations ?

A

They don’t know they are being observed

23
Q

Strengths of covert observations ?

A

No chance of observer effect

No demand characteristics/ observer bias

24
Q

Weaknesses of covert observations ?

A

Less ethical and must only be done in a public place

25
Q

What is time sampling ?

A

Observes a specific time

Records at fixed time intervals

26
Q

Strengths of time sampling ?

A

Less likely to miss behaviours as observer should be more focused

Easier to record

27
Q

Weaknesses of time sampling ?

A

May miss some behaviours if they occur when the observer isn’t recording behaviours

28
Q

What is event sampling ?

A

A researcher records behaviours every time it happens

29
Q

Strengths of event sampling ?

A

Validity is increased if all behaviours are recorded

30
Q

Weaknesses of event sampling ?

A

May miss some behaviours if several happen at once and it’s difficult to keep track

31
Q

What are behavioural categories ?

A

When there are categories of behaviours

32
Q

Strengths of behavioural categories ?

A

Gives the researcher direction

More likely to record every behaviour they need to

33
Q

Weaknesses of behaviour categories ?

A

May restrict the researcher and only focus on listed behaviours

34
Q

What are coding frames ?

A

When behavioural categories are coded and can be rated

35
Q

Strengths of coding frames ?

A

Allows the behaviour checklist to contain more detail .

36
Q

Weaknesses of coding frames ?

A

Observers may interpret

37
Q

What is an observer effect ?

A

When the presence of the observer on an overt observation changes the participants behaviours

38
Q

What is inter rated reliability ?

A

2 or more observers observe at the same time and record the same behaviours. They compare the data

39
Q

What is observer bias ?

A

When observers see why they expect to see/ want to see

Psychology Year 1 (28 decks)

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