Self-Report Techniques

Question 1

Self report technique

Answer 1

any method in which a person is asked to state or explain their own feeling or opinions related to a given topic

Question 2

Questionnaire

Answer 2

A set of written questions used to assess a persons thoughts and experiences

Question 3

interview

Answer 3

an encounter on a one-to-one basis where the interviewer asks a set of questions to assess the interviewees thoughts

Question 4

open questions

Answer 4

questions where there is no fixed response and participants can give any answer they like

Question 5

closed questions

Answer 5

questions where there are fixed choices of responses for the participant to choose from

Question 6

type of data generated by open questions

Answer 6

qualitative data

Question 7

closed questions

Answer 7

quantitative data

Question 8

strengths of open questions

Answer 8

-qualitative data which is high in detail therefore useful in explaining human behaviour
-participants can talk freely
-not restrictive :. high validity

Question 9

limits to open questions

Answer 9

-data is difficult to analyse
-harder to identify patterns
-data is subjective

Question 10

strengths to closed questions

Answer 10

-data is easy to analyse
-easy to identify patterns
-objective data

Question 11

limits to closed questions

Answer 11

-data is lacking in detail
-results less useful in explaining human behaviour
-restrictive as limited to pre-set responses :. lowers validity

Question 12

strengths of questionnaire

Answer 12

-less time consuming than interviews
-administered to larger group of people
-cost effective method
-easily made anonymous :. ethical, and honest answers

Question 13

limits to questionnaire

Answer 13

-sample of participants may be very limited
-response bias
-finding may not be generalisable
-respondents may misunderstand q’s

Question 14

strength to interviews

Answer 14

enable researchers to investigate things that are not directly observable

Question 15

limits of interviews

Answer 15

-subjective data
-hard to replicate study

Question 16

structured interview

Answer 16

where the interviewer has a pre-prepared set of questions that are in a fixed order (fully structured also involve fixed option responses)

Question 17

unstructured interview

Answer 17

where the interviewer starts off with an aim and the interviewee is invited to discuss a particular topic freely (no predetermined q’s)

Question 18

semi-structured interviews

Answer 18

a list of questions that have been prepared in advance, but interviewers are also free to ask follow-up questions when appropriate

Question 19

strengths of structured interviews

Answer 19

-standardised so easy to compare participants results
-possible to repeat or replicate study
-focus of the interview will be maintained

Question 20

limits of structured interviews

Answer 20

-restrictive
-frustrating if interesting or unexpected issues arise
-no chance to ask extra q’s
-participants cannot fully express their thoughts :. lowers validity

Question 21

strengths of unstructured interviews

Answer 21

-not restrictive
-extra q’s can be asked
-unexpected topics can be explored fully
-participants can fully express their thoughts :. high validity

Question 22

limits of unstructured interviews

Answer 22

-not standardised :. results difficult to compare and analyse
-difficult to replicate or repeat
-focus of the interview may be lost

Question 23

acquiescence bias

Answer 23

the tendency to agree with items on a questionnaire regardless of the content of the question

Question 24

social desirability bias

Answer 24

the tendency for respondents to answer questions in a way that presents themselves in a better light

Question 25

investigator bias

Answer 25

when an interviewers expectations influence the answer an interviewee gives

Question 26

response bias

Answer 26

when only a certain demographic of people responds