Self Efficacy and Self Management Flashcards
What is self-efficacy according to Bandura?
It is the extent or strength of one’s belief in their ability to attain goals, particularly in the context of exercise and health behavior.
How is self-efficacy a dynamic process?
It can change over time due to various factors like personal experiences, environment, and changes in daily circumstances.
What are the three factors in the social cognitive theory model?
Personal factors, behavior, and environment.
How do personal factors influence behavior change in social cognitive theory?
They include the individual’s abilities, belief system, and values that impact their readiness for behavior change.
What role does the environment play in behavior change according to social cognitive theory?
The environment can either facilitate or hinder behavior change through factors like access to exercise spaces or support from others.
What is reciprocal determinism?
It is the interaction between an individual, their behavior, and their environment, where each can influence the others.
How do environment and situation differ in social cognitive theory?
Environment refers to physical and social surroundings, while the situation is the perception of those surroundings related to behavior.
What is behavioral capacity?
It is the potential to be successful in behavior change based on the skills and knowledge of an individual.
What is observational learning?
It is learning to perform a skill by watching others, such as following a group exercise class instructor.
How does reinforcement affect behavior change?
Positive reinforcement (e.g., praise) encourages behavior change, while negative reinforcement (e.g., time constraints) can hinder it.
What is the difference between expectations and expectancy in behavior change?
Expectations are the anticipated outcomes of a behavior (e.g., improved health), while expectancy refers to the perceived value of those outcomes.
What is self-regulation in the context of behavior change?
It involves setting goals and monitoring progress to control behavior, such as tracking gym visits on a calendar.
Why is self-efficacy important for behavior change?
It reflects a person’s confidence in their ability to succeed, which is crucial for initiating and maintaining behavior change.
What is self-efficacy?
It is the extent of one’s belief in their ability to attain goals, especially in the context of exercise and health behavior.
How is self-efficacy relevant to physical therapy?
It influences a patient’s confidence in their ability to follow through with exercise programs and manage their health conditions.
What is the Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale?
A measure developed to assess an individual’s confidence in their ability to exercise, particularly validated for older adults.
How many questions are on the Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale?
Nine questions that assess confidence in exercising despite various potential barriers (e.g., weather, pain, boredom).
What is the Self-Efficacy for Home Exercise Programs (SEHEP)?
A measure that assesses a patient’s confidence in performing prescribed exercises at home, addressing specific challenges they may face.
How does the SEHEP differ from the Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale?
The SEHEP focuses specifically on confidence in home exercise adherence, using a different set of items and a 6-point scale.
What R-squared value indicates a strong relationship between the SEHEP and the Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale?
An R-squared value of 0.71, suggesting a good correlation between the two measures.
What was the R-squared value for the correlation between self-efficacy scores and actual adherence to home exercise programs?
An R-squared value of 0.15, indicating a weak correlation.
What did the systematic review on self-efficacy and chronic pain outcomes reveal?
It found significant relationships between self-efficacy and various outcomes related to chronic pain, including impairment and pain severity.
How many studies were included in the systematic review analyzing self-efficacy in chronic pain management?
83 papers with a total of 86 samples were analyzed.
What role does caregiver self-efficacy play in patient care?
It reflects the caregiver’s belief in their ability to support the patient’s treatment and exercise program, which can impact the patient’s outcomes.
Why is understanding self-efficacy important in pediatrics?
It is crucial for assessing both the child’s ability to follow an exercise program and the caregiver’s confidence in assisting the child.
What are some barriers that might affect a patient’s self-efficacy for exercise?
Factors like pain, boredom, lack of equipment, and busy schedules can limit a patient’s confidence in their ability to exercise regularly.
How can self-efficacy be measured in older adults?
Through self-report scales that assess their confidence in managing health behaviors and completing exercises.
What is the importance of monitoring self-efficacy in rehabilitation settings?
It helps identify which patients are more likely to adhere to home exercise programs and adjust interventions accordingly to improve outcomes.
What are the four key pieces for building self-efficacy?
Success and mastery, vicarious performance, verbal encouragement, and emotional/psychological state.
How does success and mastery contribute to building self-efficacy?
By breaking down long-term goals into achievable short-term tasks, allowing individuals to experience success and build confidence step by step.
What example illustrates the principle of success and mastery in exercise?
An inpatient rehabilitation patient starting with a small set of four steps before progressing to a full flight of stairs.
What is vicarious performance?
Learning and building confidence through observing others successfully perform a task, such as participating in group exercise or finding a supportive peer.
How can modeling help build self-efficacy in patients?
Patients can gain confidence by watching someone with similar abilities perform tasks successfully, providing a relatable example of success.
What role does verbal encouragement play in enhancing self-efficacy?
Verbal encouragement from therapists, teachers, or peers can reinforce positive behavior and motivate individuals to persist in their efforts.
What is important to remember about verbal praise?
Praise should be valid and focused on actual successes rather than reinforcing incorrect or subpar performance.
How does emotional and psychological state impact self-efficacy?
Positive attitudes and belief in one’s abilities can enhance self-efficacy, while negative emotions such as anxiety or depression can hinder performance.
What is an example of how emotional state can affect therapy sessions?
A 78-year-old patient with knee osteoarthritis may struggle to return to therapy after the death of a spouse, impacting her motivation and ability to engage in rehabilitation.
Why is it essential to consider a patient’s emotional state when planning interventions?
Understanding emotional and psychological factors can help tailor the therapy approach, ensuring it supports the patient’s overall well-being and recovery.
How should a therapist approach a patient returning to therapy after a significant emotional event?
Focus on building mastery and success with manageable tasks, being sensitive to their emotional state, and gradually increasing the intensity of exercises.
What is the significance of short-term goals in building self-efficacy?
Short-term goals provide achievable milestones that help individuals build confidence and stay motivated toward their long-term objectives.
How can self-efficacy be affected by social support?
Encouragement and positive reinforcement from family, friends, or peers can significantly enhance an individual’s belief in their ability to succeed.
How can observational learning be implemented in exercise settings?
By having experienced individuals demonstrate exercises, allowing less experienced participants to learn techniques and build confidence.
What is the relationship between emotional states and self-efficacy in athletic performance?
Athletes often emphasize the importance of a positive mindset; as Venus Williams stated, believing in oneself is essential for success in sports and exercise.
What are the three key pieces of self-management?
Patient and family-centered care, enabling independence with disease process management, and shared decision-making.
What is the focus of patient and family-centered care?
It emphasizes setting appropriate goals based on the patient’s needs and ensuring long-term benefits from interventions.
Why is it important to consider carryover and long-term benefits in physical therapy?
Because improving a patient’s range of motion will have little benefit if they do not incorporate that into their daily activities.
How can therapists plan for patient transitions in care?
By assessing whether a patient will need to move to a skilled nursing facility or can transition directly to outpatient care based on their progress.
What does enabling independence in disease management involve?
Empowering patients to have control over their disease process, which can include working with other practitioners like social workers or psychologists.
How can patient self-management be measured?
By assessing their confidence in managing symptoms and tasks related to their health condition, like keeping fatigue or pain from interfering with daily activities.
What is shared decision-making in healthcare?
A collaborative process where healthcare providers and patients work together to make informed choices about treatment options based on the patient’s preferences and values.
Why is informed consent important in shared decision-making?
It ensures that patients understand their options and the implications of those options, allowing them to make educated decisions about their care.
What did the study by Bozic and colleagues reveal about shared decision-making in osteoarthritis?
Patients who received information about surgical options prior to their visit were more likely to make informed decisions about their care compared to those who only received general information.
How does self-management empower individuals with chronic conditions?
It gives them the confidence to manage their medical, role, and emotional needs related to their condition effectively.
What is the role of interactive educational sessions in self-management?
They provide systematic support and education tailored to individual patient needs, enhancing their ability to manage their conditions.
What additional resources can help facilitate shared decision-making?
Decision aids and educational tools, like those from Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, which help families navigate treatment options effectively.
How can healthcare practitioners assess self-management skills?
By regularly evaluating barriers to management and strengths to reinforce, ensuring ongoing support for the patient.
What is an important consideration for educational approaches in self-management?
Not all educational methods will work for every patient, so it’s essential to tailor the approach to each individual’s needs and preferences.
Why is it vital to focus on emotional and psychological management in chronic disease self-management?
A patient’s emotional state can significantly impact their ability to manage their health, so addressing these factors is critical for overall success.
