Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PT663 > Childhood Obesity > Flashcards

Childhood Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the focus of the first segment on pediatric obesity?

A

The history and current condition of pediatric obesity in the United States.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What survey collects data on obesity trends among US adults?

A

The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is obesity defined for adults in the BRFSS?

A

A BMI of 30 or above, equivalent to about 30 pounds overweight for a person who is 5’4”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What color represents states with an obesity prevalence of 10% to 14% in the BRFSS data?

A

Dark blue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What trend in adult obesity was observed from 1990 to 2010?

A

A significant increase in the prevalence of obesity among US adults.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What new category was introduced in obesity data in 1997?

A

A prevalence of obesity greater than 20%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What percentage of adults were identified as obese in some states by 2005?

A

Over 30%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the obesity prevalence among US adults according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2016?

A

It increased from about 30% to potentially up to 39%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the current obesity prevalence among youths aged 2 to 19?

A

18.5%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which age group of children has the lowest obesity prevalence according to the recent data?

A

2- to 5-year-olds (approximately 13-14%).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How has the obesity trend changed from the 1960s to the early 2000s for children?

A

A significant increase in obesity prevalence from below 5% to potentially up to the teens or 20s.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the obesity prevalence among boys and girls in elementary school age (6-11 years)?

A

Boys have a higher prevalence of obesity compared to girls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does household income affect obesity prevalence among children?

A

Families below 130% of the federal poverty level show a higher prevalence of obesity compared to families above 350%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between overweight and obesity in adults?

A

Overweight is typically defined as 10-20% above ideal weight, while obesity is over 20%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is BMI calculated?

A

Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What BMI range is considered healthy?

A

18.5 to 24.9.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the BMI classifications for children based on percentiles?

A

Overweight is above the 85th percentile and obesity is above the 95th percentile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is BMI alone sometimes insufficient for assessing obesity in children?

A

It may not account for muscle mass, particularly in athletes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What alternative measurements can be used to assess obesity in children?

A

Waist circumference, body composition analysis, and fitness performance metrics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is one characteristic of the obesity epidemic in children?

A

Decreased physical education in schools.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How often are physical education classes currently offered in some schools?

A

They may be offered quarterly or a couple of times a week, rather than daily.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is an example of a beneficial after-school program aimed at promoting physical activity?

A

Girls on the Run.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does screen time contribute to obesity in children?

A

It includes time spent on video games, watching television, or using social media, not related to schoolwork.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is urban sprawl and how does it impact children’s physical activity?

A

Urban sprawl can decrease outdoor play opportunities and accessibility to safe play areas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What role do parents play in children’s physical activity levels?

A

If parents are not exercising, children may be less likely to engage in physical activity themselves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What percentage of children aged 6 to 17 did not engage in any vigorous physical activity for 20 minutes in the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health?

A

About 9%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What percentage of children engaged in vigorous physical activity for 4 to 6 days a week according to the same survey?

A

Approximately 28-29%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How do boys and girls differ in terms of vigorous physical activity participation?

A

Males tend to engage in more vigorous physical activity than females, especially during the school years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What trend is observed in physical activity levels as children age from 6-11 years to 12-17 years?

A

Physical activity levels tend to decrease as children transition to their teenage years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the recommendation for daily physical activity for high school students?

A

60 minutes of physical activity that raises the heart rate and breathing rate.

31
Q

What are some contributing factors to the obesity epidemic in children?

A

Cafeteria choices, vending machine income, advertising unhealthy food options, and food accessibility issues.

32
Q

How does the food accessibility issue contribute to childhood obesity?

A

Limited access to fresh, healthy food choices in some neighborhoods can lead to poorer dietary habits.

33
Q

What is “portion distortion”?

A

The trend of increasing portion sizes over time, leading to larger servings of food than what is considered standard.

34
Q

What study showed the effects of portion sizes on dietary habits?

A

A study found that standard portions of pasta may be four times the recommended serving size.

35
Q

What is a potential solution for managing portion sizes in restaurants?

A

Taking home uneaten portions to create multiple meals.

36
Q

How can public policy influence childhood obesity rates?

A

Changes in school lunch guidelines and after-school program funding can affect children’s access to healthy foods and activities.

37
Q

What is the focus of the systems review in relation to obesity?

A

It examines the complications of obesity across various body systems and the importance of promoting health in children and adults.

38
Q

What are some major health risks associated with obesity?

A

Higher risk of stroke, Type II diabetes, heart disease, colon cancer, osteoarthritis, and liver disease.

39
Q

Name a pediatric orthopedic disorder linked to increased BMI.

A

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE).

40
Q

What is SCFE?

A

condition where the growth plate becomes unstable, causing the femoral head to slip off the femoral neck.

41
Q

How is SCFE commonly illustrated?

A

It’s often described as “ice cream slipping off a cone” to help remember the condition.

42
Q

What is Blount’s disease?

A

A disorder of ossification at the medial aspect of the proximal tibia that causes bowing of the legs.

43
Q

How can obesity affect spine health in children?

A

Increased weight can lead to insufficient bone density, increasing the risk of compression fractures and back pain.

44
Q

Why are children with obesity at higher risk for fractures?

A

Increased mass leads to greater force during falls, and decreased bone density contributes to fracture risk.

45
Q

How does obesity impact gait in children?

A

Children with obesity may walk more slowly, have increased stance time, and a wider base of support.

46
Q

What cardiovascular issues can arise in obese children?

A

Early markers of cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome.

47
Q

What pulmonary complication is associated with obesity in children?

A

An increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea due to fatty tissue around the neck.

48
Q

What skin condition is associated with obesity?

A

Acanthosis nigricans, characterized by velvety thickened skin in body creases.

49
Q

How can obesity affect the gastrointestinal system?

A

Increased risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gallstones, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

50
Q

What endocrine issue is linked to obesity in children?

A

Disruption in satiety hormones, leading to overeating.

51
Q

What psychological factors are influenced by obesity?

A

Self-esteem issues, quality of life, depression, and anxiety.

52
Q

How might obesity and depression relate to each other?

A

Obesity can lead to social isolation and low self-esteem, contributing to depression; conversely, depression may lead to decreased physical activity and unhealthy eating.

53
Q

What is a common physical consequence of obesity on a child’s quality of life?

A

Poorer social relationships and reduced participation in sports or physical activities.

54
Q

What role do physical therapists play in addressing pediatric obesity?

A

They intervene in the healthcare system, focusing on observational screening and assessment of gait, endurance, and exercise responses in children.

55
Q

How might gait patterns differ in children with obesity?

A

Children may exhibit a wider base of support and decreased gait speed compared to their peers.

56
Q

Why is it important to assess endurance in children with obesity?

A

To determine if they can participate in community activities and keep up with peers, which is crucial for physical activity engagement.

57
Q

What considerations should be made when conducting clinical exercise testing in children?

A

Equipment size, treadmill safety, appropriate testing protocols, and the child’s ability to understand maximal effort.

58
Q

What is a challenge when using exercise testing protocols for children?

A

Children may require longer increments for testing (2-3 minutes) and may not accurately communicate their maximal effort.

59
Q

What tool can help assess perceived exertion in children during exercise?

A

The OMNI scale, which uses pictures to depict levels of effort, making it easier for children to express how hard they feel they are working.

60
Q

How do children’s exercise responses differ from adults’?

A

Children have higher resting heart rates, higher respiratory rates, lower baseline blood pressure, and recover more quickly from exercise.

61
Q

Why is it essential to understand a child’s physical activity level in relation to obesity?

A

It helps in creating tailored interventions to promote healthy weight management and encourage participation in physical activities.

62
Q

What are some potential musculoskeletal complications of obesity in children?

A

Conditions like SCFE, Blount’s disease, compression fractures, and increased risk of non-traumatic fractures.

63
Q

What physiological aspect contributes to the higher risk of injury in obese children?

A

Increased body mass can lead to greater forces during falls, resulting in a higher risk of fractures and injuries.

64
Q

What is the role of physical therapists in addressing pediatric obesity?

A

Physical therapists can intervene by promoting physical activity, improving health behaviors, and addressing complications associated with obesity.

65
Q

What health benefits are associated with regular physical activity in children and adolescents?

A

Benefits include improved bone health, reduced fracture risk, improved weight status, cardiovascular and muscle fitness, better cardiometabolic health, improved cognition, and reduced risk of depression.

66
Q

What are the physical activity recommendations for preschool-age children (3-5 years old)?

A

Preschoolers should be physically active throughout the day with caregivers promoting active play through games, obstacle courses, and family activities.

67
Q

How much physical activity should school-age children and adolescents (6-17 years old) engage in daily?

A

They should engage in about an hour of moderate to vigorous activity each day, including aerobic activity, muscle-strengthening, and bone-strengthening exercises at least three days a week.

68
Q

What factors should be considered when structuring a physical activity program for children?

A

Factors include the individual child’s interests and energy levels, interpersonal influences (family and caregivers), the environment (school and community resources), and societal influences and public policy.

69
Q

What is the ecological systems theory in relation to promoting physical activity?

A

The ecological systems theory considers the individual, interpersonal relationships, environmental factors, and societal influences that affect health behaviors and preferences for physical activity.

70
Q

Why is it important to educate family members about physical activity recommendations for children?

A

Family members, including parents and caregivers, are primary influences on a child’s physical activity levels and can help reinforce healthy behaviors.

71
Q

How can schools contribute to increasing physical activity among children?

A

Schools can offer opportunities for physical activity throughout the day, provide clubs or sports activities, and create an environment conducive to active play.

72
Q

What are some examples of bone-strengthening activities for children?

A

High-impact activities such as jumping, running, and sports that involve weight-bearing movements.

73
Q

How can health practitioners advocate for societal change regarding pediatric obesity?

A

By promoting policies that enhance access to physical activity resources and creating awareness about the importance of maintaining a healthy weight among children.

PT663 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions