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PT663 > LAB CVP and Surface Anatomy > Flashcards

LAB CVP and Surface Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most inferior part of the sternum?

A

The xiphoid process.

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2
Q

What is the costal margin?

A

The bottom edge of the rib cage where the right and left ribs meet in the center.

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3
Q

How are ribs categorized?

A

Ribs 1-7 are true ribs (articulate directly with the sternum), and ribs 8-10 are false ribs (articulate with the sternum via combined costal cartilage).

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4
Q

What is the significance of the first intercostal space?

A

It is located inferior to the first rib, and intercostal spaces are named for the ribs above them.

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5
Q

Where does the second rib align in relation to the sternum?

A

The second rib aligns with the sternal angle.

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6
Q

What is the starting point for palpating the posterior thoracic structures?

A

The base of the neck at the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebrae.

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7
Q

How can you confirm the location of the seventh cervical vertebrae?

A

By asking the client to look up and down, feeling the movement of the spinous processes.

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8
Q

What is the anatomical relationship between the thoracic vertebrae and their spinous processes?

A

The spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae are one to two levels inferior to the body of the thoracic vertebrae.

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9
Q

What landmarks help identify the thoracic vertebrae on the posterior thorax?

A

The inferior angle of the scapula lines up with the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra, and the superior angle lines up with the spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra.

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10
Q

What is the relationship between the inferior angle of the scapula and the thoracic spine?

A

The inferior angle of the scapula aligns with the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra.

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11
Q

How can you count down the thoracic vertebrae using the palpation technique?

A

By feeling the bumps (spinous processes) and valleys (interspinous spaces) as you move inferiorly.

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12
Q

What structure does T10 correlate with in the thorax?

A

T10 corresponds to the location of the diaphragm’s attachment.

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13
Q

What do you feel when you palpate down the spine from T7 to T10?

A

A pattern of bumps (spinous processes) and valleys (interspinous spaces).

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14
Q

What anatomical feature forms from the spine of the scapula?

A

The acromion process, which articulates with the clavicle.

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15
Q

What is the anatomical significance of the spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra?

A

It aligns with the superior angle of the scapula.

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16
Q

What happens to the lungs during inhalation and exhalation?

A

The lungs expand during inhalation and collapse during exhalation.

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17
Q

What is the midline structure that branches into the right and left main bronchus?

A

The trachea.

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18
Q

What are the two main parts of the lungs when viewed anteriorly?

A

The apex (upper part) and the base (lower part).

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19
Q

How is the left lung divided?

A

The left lung has a superior (upper) lobe and a smaller inferior (lower) lobe, separated by the oblique fissure.

20
Q

What is notable about the posterior view of the lungs?

A

Most of the posterior view is occupied by the inferior lobe, with very little visible of the upper lobe.

21
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have, and what are they?

A

The right lung has three lobes: the upper lobe, middle lobe, and lower lobe.

22
Q

What separates the lobes of the right lung?

A

The horizontal fissure separates the upper lobe from the middle lobe, and the oblique fissure separates the middle lobe from the lower lobe.

23
Q

Where is the base of the lung located?

A

The base of the lung is at the bottom, near the diaphragm.

24
Q

Which side of the heart is shown in the side view image?

A

The left side of the heart.

25
Q

What is the orientation of the aortic arch and pulmonary artery trunk in the heart?

A

The aortic arch is on the top and the pulmonary artery trunk is beneath it.

26
Q

Why is the aortic valve area located on the right side of the sternum?

A

Because the sound generated by the closure of the aortic valve projects towards the right side of the thorax.

27
Q

Where is the mitral valve located?

A

Between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

28
Q

What separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?

A

The tricuspid valve.

29
Q

What is the point of maximal impulse (PMI) of the heart?

A

It is generally located around the fourth or fifth or sixth intercostal space along the midaxillary line.

30
Q

What anatomical feature corresponds to the apex of the heart?

A

The apex is where the heart’s point of maximal impact can be felt against the lateral chest wall.

31
Q

What are the key areas to listen for heart sounds?

A

Aortic area, pulmonic area, mitral area, and tricuspid area.

32
Q

Where is the sternal angle located, and what rib does it correspond to?

A

The sternal angle is at the level of the second rib.

33
Q

How do you locate the aortic area for listening to heart sounds?

A

Start at the sternal notch, go down to the sternal angle, then laterally to the second rib, and inferiorly to the second intercostal space.

34
Q

Where is the pulmonic area located?

A

It is located laterally to the left side of the second intercostal space.

35
Q

How do you locate the tricuspid area?

A

It is located just lateral to the sternum at the fourth or fifth intercostal space.

36
Q

Where can you find the mitral area?

A

It is located at the fourth or fifth intercostal space, along the midclavicular line.

37
Q

What three lines are used as landmarks in surface anatomy?

A

Midclavicular line, sternal line, and anterior axillary line.

38
Q

Where is the apex of the heart located?

A

At the fourth or fifth intercostal space, just lateral to the midclavicular line.

39
Q

What is the approximate level of the apex of the lungs?

A

The apex of the lungs is at the level of the clavicle.

40
Q

What is the location of the base of the lung on the anterior aspect?

A

The base of the lung is at the level of the xiphoid process.

41
Q

How can you determine the base of the lungs posteriorly?

A

The base of the lungs runs from the xiphoid process around to the spinous process of T10.

42
Q

Where is the inferior angle of the scapula located in relation to the thoracic vertebrae?

A

It is approximately at the level of the seventh thoracic vertebrae spinous process.

43
Q

How do you locate the dividing line between the lobes of the left lung?

A

Follow the medial angle of the scapula when the subject elevates their arm.

44
Q

What additional lobe is present in the right lung?

A

The right lung has an additional middle lobe

45
Q

How do you identify the fissure that divides the upper and middle lobes of the right lung?

A

It is located at about the level of the fifth or sixth rib.

46
Q

Which lung lobe is primarily visible on the anterior aspect of the left lung?

A

The upper lobe.

47
Q

Which lobes are visible on the anterior aspect of the right lung?

A

The upper lobe and the middle lobe, with very little of the inferior lobe visible.

PT663 (22 decks)

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