Physical Activity, Reconditioning, and Aerobic Training Flashcards
What is moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA)?
MVPA includes exercise, physical activities, and activities of varying intensity levels like moderate and vigorous physical activities.
What is the goal of the physical activity guidelines set by the federal government?
To create a healthier nation through increased participation in physical activity.
How is daily time typically divided between different activities according to the schematic?
About 8 hours each are spent on sedentary behavior, sleep, and light physical activity, with very little time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA).
What is the difference between exercise and physical activity?
Exercise is goal-directed, planned, and structured, while physical activity includes any movement caused by muscles.
Why do physical activity guidelines use the term “physical activity” rather than “exercise”?
Many people are not fond of the term “exercise,” and using “physical activity” may encourage broader participation.
What are the characteristics of exercise studies compared to physical activity studies?
Exercise studies are typically short, controlled trials focusing on specific exercises and outcomes, while physical activity studies are long-term observational cohort studies.
What is the main limitation of observational cohort studies on physical activity?
They can show a relationship between physical activity and outcomes but cannot establish cause and effect.
How do exercise and MVPA fit into the ICF model used in physical therapy?
Exercise is often seen in the realm of activity, while physical activity can be considered part of participation.
What benefits can meeting the physical activity guidelines provide?
It could prevent 1 in 10 premature deaths, 1 in 8 cases of breast or colorectal cancer, 1 in 12 cases of diabetes, and 1 in 15 cases of heart disease.
What is a common reason people exercise, according to the content?
People often exercise to look good and feel better, not primarily to meet public health goals.
What percentage of adults meet the physical activity guidelines needed to prevent chronic diseases?
About 50% of adults meet the guidelines for physical activity.
How does physical activity participation differ among education levels?
People with a college degree or more have higher participation rates, while those with less than a high school education have lower rates.
What trend is observed in physical activity participation over time?
Although there has been some increase, only about 20-25% of adults meet both the aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines.
What is the difference between physical activity and exercise in terms of study types?
Exercise studies are typically randomized controlled trials, while physical activity studies are more observational and cohort-based.
What are two types of activities emphasized in the physical activity guidelines?
Aerobic endurance activities and muscle-strengthening exercises, which contribute to bone health and balance.
What is a significant barrier to improving physical activity participation?
Changing behavior and encouraging more participation, especially among those with chronic diseases.
How can the medical model serve as a barrier to physical activity?
The medical model often focuses on medications rather than promoting physical activity as part of treatment, which can reduce motivation for exercise.
What was the key conclusion from the study on physical activity in patients with type II diabetes and hypertension?
Physicians should prescribe physical activity as seriously as medications, providing evidence-based guidelines for exercise.
How does the environment in Denmark support physical activity?
Denmark encourages cycling with facilities like bike racks at train stations, rail systems accommodating bikes, and parks designed for cycling.
What is one contrast between Denmark’s environment and that of the United States?
Denmark promotes active transportation like cycling, while the U.S. has a culture of drive-through conveniences, contributing to inactivity.
What are the dangers of sedentary behavior as shown in meta-analyses?
High amounts of sitting time are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, even when combined with moderate to vigorous physical activity.
How does moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) affect the risks associated with sitting?
MVPA can reduce the risks of sitting, but sitting for long periods still increases the risk of all-cause mortality.
What did the study on sitting time and physical activity find about the relationship between activity levels and sitting?
Even highly active individuals have increased risks of mortality if they sit for prolonged periods each day.
What is the public health challenge regarding physical activity in the U.S.?
Promoting physical activity is challenging because many people remain inactive, and increased inactivity is associated with higher healthcare costs.
What is the estimated economic burden of inadequate physical activity in the U.S.?
Inadequate physical activity costs the government around $117 billion.
What role do physical therapists play in promoting physical activity?
Physical therapists are movement specialists and play a crucial role in addressing the consequences of inactivity and encouraging more active lifestyles.
What is still unknown about light physical activity according to current evidence?
While light physical activity is considered better than sitting, its specific health benefits are not yet fully understood.
Why might observational studies be important for understanding physical activity?
They provide insights into long-term trends and associations between activity levels and health outcomes, despite not establishing cause and effect.
How does environment influence physical activity behavior?
Environments that facilitate active lifestyles, like those with accessible cycling infrastructure, encourage more physical activity among residents.
What are the physical activity recommendations for adults (18-64 years)?
At least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity activity (e.g., brisk walking) and muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days per week.
What additional recommendation is given for older adults in the physical activity guidelines?
In addition to aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities, older adults should include exercises that improve balance, like standing on one foot.
What is the daily physical activity recommendation for children and adolescents?
60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day, including activities that strengthen muscles and bones.
What are the three key aspects of physical activity guidelines?
Intensity (how hard), frequency (how often), and duration (how long)
What is absolute intensity in physical activity?
The energy expended during an activity compared to rest, measured in multiples of the energy used while sitting (METs).
How is relative intensity different from absolute intensity?
Relative intensity considers an individual’s fitness level and effort, meaning less fit individuals exert more effort for the same activity.
What is the MET value range for moderate-intensity activities?
3 to 5.9 METs, meaning the activity is 3 to almost 6 times more intense than resting.
How often should moderate and vigorous intensity physical activities be performed?
Moderate activities: at least 5 days per week; Vigorous activities: at least 3 days per week.
What is the recommended weekly duration for moderate and vigorous physical activity?
150-300 minutes per week for moderate-intensity or 75-150 minutes per week for vigorous-intensity activities.
What is the focus of physical activity for insufficiently active people?
Reduce sedentary behavior first, then gradually increase moderate-intensity activity for the most health benefits.
What are some of the health benefits of physical activity according to recent evidence?
Improved bone health and weight status in children, reduced cancer risk, improved cognitive function, and reduced anxiety, depression, and mortality risk.
How do physical activity guidelines relate to physical therapy?
They are based on strong evidence, align with the physical stress theory, and are used to set goals, monitor progress, and encourage lifelong activity for patients.
