Self-confidence and self-efficacy Flashcards
Self confidence
- describes a general disposition which is both stable (relatively unchanging) and global (far-reaching) and (inclusive)
- self confidence influences motivation and is therefore a factor that determines the decision to participate in a chosen activity
- self-confidence is the belief in ones ability to successfully perform a task or skill
What does high-self confidence improve?
Motivation, focus, resilience and overall performance
What can low-self-confidence result in?
- fear of failure, anxiety and reduced performance
Self-efficacy
- a specific type of self-confidence and relates to a persons perception of their standard of ability, in particular activities and situations
- it tends to be unstable and is therefore changeable
- the belief in ones ability to successfully carry out a specific task in a specific situation
Sports example (self efficacy)
- a rugby player, for example, may have high self-efficacy producing a confident and committed performance for much of the game. The same person, however may have low self-efficacy in the specific skill of goal kicking and therefore avoid involvement in this area
Self confidence
- an attitude
- belief that once can succeed
- an aspect of self-esteem
Self-efficacy
- perception of ability to perform a particular sporting task successfully
- a situation-specific form of self-confidence
More sporting examples of self efficacy
- a skier may feel confident at snow plough turns but not at parallel turns and stopping
- a gymnast may feel confident at floor work but experience low levels of self efficacy when faced with the vault
- a swimmer may feel confident at swimming when in the shallow end because they know they can touch the floor, but they may experience low levels of self efficacy when in the deep end even though they can swim
Confidence in sport is a
‘ belief in your ability to master a situation ‘
According to vealey what is confidence based on?
- Personality: your level of competitiveness and achievement motivation
- Experience: your amount of past success on the task and your belief in your ability to succeed in the future
- Situation: playing at home or away for example
What does vealeys model explain?
- how confidence in sport is influenced by both trait and state confidence
Trait confidence
- innate confidence shown in most situations
- stable and based on personality
- a general level of confidence across various sports situations
State confidence
- it is situation specific
- the specific level of confidence felt in a particular situation
- more changeable and influenced by context
E.g. taking a penalty
Why is the interaction between state and trait confidence important?
- a naturally confident hockey player who has taken many penalty flicks before will be confident of scoring from the spot in future games
Objective competitive situation (vealeys model)- using example using a player in a school rugby team playing in the county club final
A01
- this refers to the competition or competitive situation
A02
- e.g. player is playing in the final
Summary
- the type of task, the difficulty, and the conditions under which it is performed
Competitive orientation (vealeys model)- using example using a player in a school rugby team playing in the county club final
A01
- This refers to the level of competitiveness of the player and how much effort they put into something to be successful
A02
- Highly competitive players are more likely to try to tackle players larger than themselves and take calculated risks throughout the game.
- players with a low competitive drive will avoid the ‘risky’ situations and not exert themselves in the game. Vealey suggested that confidence gained in one area of sport could be used to improve confidence in a different sporting activity
Summary
- the athletes motivation to achieve success in sport
- athletes with high competitiveness are more likely to seek out challenging situations
Subjective outcomes (vealeys model)- using example using a player in a school rugby team playing in the county club final
A01
- This is how a player perceives or rather their performance
A02
- if the performance is perceived to be successful then competitiveness and SC-state is increased.
- if the performance is perceived as unsuccessful then competitiveness and SC-state is decreased
Trait sport confidence (SC-trait) (vealeys model)- using example using a player in a school rugby team playing in the county club final
A01
- Like all ‘trait’ theories, SC-trait refers to stable and enduring sports confidence
A02
- it is an innate characteristic which means that a person with high SC-trait is likely to feel capable of being successful in most situations
- whereas a person with low SC-trait will have low confidence in most situations
Summary:
- a general level of confidence across various sports situations
- stable and based on personality
State sport confidence (SC-state) (vealeys model)- using example using a player in a school rugby team playing in the county club final
A01
- This is the actual level of confidence in the situation similar to self-efficacy
- the players will have low, moderate or high confidence; which is dependant on SC-trait and competitive orientation
A02
- One player may have high SC-trait and approach the game with high competitiveness, which after the first few minutes of the match, where he has made a few good runs, tackles and passes his SC-state is high.
- A player from the opposing team has low SC-trait and a low level of competitiveness and therefore has low SC-state
Summary:
- the specific level of confidence felt in a particular situation
- more changeable and influenced by context
Behavioural responses (performance) (vealeys model)- using example using a player in a school rugby team playing in the county club final
A01
- These are the actual behaviours that the players exhibit, this often reflects the quality of their performance
A02
- players experiencing high SC-state want to be involved in the action of the game, taking, putting a lot of effort in and performing skills without fear of failure
- however, players with low SC-state may avoid the situation where they could be brought into the game and generally shy away from the action
E.g. after playing the first 10 minutes if a player has scored an early try or made a few big tackles they are likely to feel satisfied with the positive impact they have made in the game. This increases competitive orientation and as a consequence SC state both these factors impact on SC state meaning in that situation confidence will be high.
Summary:
- successful outcomes improve confidence, especially state confidence, and influence future trait confidence
Objective sporting situation.
Definition- the performer takes into account the situation in which the performance occurs
Example- the discusthrower competes well in the world championship
Traits sport confidence.
Definition- SC trait- like all trait theories SC trait refers to stable and enduring sport confidence. It is an innate characteristic which means that a person with high SC trait is likely to feel capable of being successful in most situations whereas a person with low SC trait will have a low confidence in most situations
Example- a discuss thrower is generally confident about making a throw
State sport confidence.
Definition- the level of sport confidence performer has in a specific sport situation
Example- the discuss thrower feels confident because the wind is in the right direction
Competitive orientation.
Definition- the perceived opportunity to achieve a performance or outcome goal
Example- the discus thrower is motivated by a challenging competition to throw well
