seizure drugs

Question 1

first line for absence seizures

Answer 1

ethosuximide

Question 2

ethosuximide moa

Answer 2

blocks T-type Ca channels

Question 3

ethosuximide adverse effects

Answer 3

stevens-Johnson syndrome; itching

Question 4

first line for status epilepticus

Answer 4

benzodiazepines (lorazepam, diazepam)

Question 5

phenytoin moa

Answer 5

sodium channel inactivation

Question 6

phenytoin pharmacokinetics

Answer 6

zero order elimination

Question 7

phenytoin adverse effects

Answer 7

gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, ataxia, SLE-like syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, osteopenia, megaloblastic anemia; teratogen - causes fetal hydantoin syndrome (clef lip, palate, congenital heart disease, and developmental delay)

Question 8

drugs for tonic clonic seizures

Answer 8

valproic acid, carbamazepine, and phenytoin

Question 9

carbamazepine moa

Answer 9

Na channel inactivation

Question 10

carbamazepine adverse effects

Answer 10

agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, SIADH, hepatotoxicity, SJS, teratogenic

Question 11

seizure drugs that induce CYPs

Answer 11

phenytoin and carbamazepine

Question 12

1st line for trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 12

carbamazepine

Question 13

valproic acid moa

Answer 13

sodium channel inactivation and increases GABA concentration by inhibiting GABA transaminase

Question 14

valproic acid adverse effects

Answer 14

hepatotoxicity, neural tube defects in pregnancy

Question 15

first line for complex seizures

Answer 15

carbamazepine

Question 16

first line for simple seizures

Answer 16

carbamazepine

Question 17

gabapentin moa

Answer 17

inhibits voltage gated calcium channels; GABA analog

Question 18

topiramate moa

Answer 18

blocks Na channels; increases GABA action

Question 19

topiramate adverse effects

Answer 19

kidney stones and weight loss

Question 20

lamotrigine moa

Answer 20

blocks Na channels

Question 21

lamotrigine adverse effects

Answer 21

stevens johnson syndrome

Question 22

levetiracetam moa

Answer 22

unknown; may modulate GABA and glutamate release

Question 23

tiagabine moa

Answer 23

increases GABA by inhibiting re-uptake

Question 24

vigabatrin moa

Answer 24

increases GABA by irreversible inhibiting GABA transaminase