antivirals (not including HIV) Flashcards
zanamivir and oseltamivir moa
inhibit influenza (A and B) neuraminidase and decrease the release of progeny virus
zanamivir and oseltamivir clinical use
treatment and prevention of influenza A and B
ribavirin moa
inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides by competitively inhibiting inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase
ribavirin use
RSV, chronic hepatitis C
ribaviron toxicity
hemolytic anemia; severe teratogen
acyclovir, famciclovir and valacyclovir moa
guanosine analog monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase; triphosphate formed by cellular enzymes; preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination; not phosphorylated in uninfected cells –> few adverse effects;
acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir adverse effects
obstructive crystalline nephropathy and acute renal failure if not adequately hydrated
acyclovir et. al mechanism of resistance
mutated viral thymidine kinase
acyclovir et. al clinical use
HSV and VZV mucocutaneous and genital lesions; prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients
ganciclovir moa
5’-monophosphate formed by CMV viral kinase; guanosine analog; triphosphate formed by cellular kinases; preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase
ganciclovir clinical use
CMV, especially in immunocompromised patients
ganciclovir toxicity
leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, renal toxicity
ganciclovir resistance
mutated CMV DNA polymerase or lack of viral kinase
foscarnet moa
viral DNA polyerase inhibitor that binds to the pyrophosphate-binding site of the enzyme; does not require activation by viral kinase
foscarnet clinical use
CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients when ganciclovir fails; acyclovir-resistant HSV
