autonomic drugs Flashcards
direct muscarinic agonists
bethanechol, carbachol, pilocarpine, methacholine
treatment of post op ileum and neurogenic bladder
bethanechol and neostigmine
muscarinic agonists for glaucoma
pilocarpine and carbachol
anticholinesterases
neostigmine, pyridostigmine, physostigmine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, edrophonium
myasthenia gravis treatment
pyridostigmine
treatment of anticholinergic toxicity
physostigmine
diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
edrophonium
atropine
muscarinic antagonist used to treat bradycardia and for ophthalmic applications
Tx motion sickness
scopolamine
glycopyrrolate
antimuscarinic used preoperatively to reduce secretions
ipratropium and tiotropium
antimuscarinics used to treat asthma and COPD
benztropine
antimuscarinic for parkinson disease
reduce urgency in cystits
oxybutynin, darifenacin, solifenacin, tolterodine, fesoterodine, trospium
epinephrine
beta > alpha at low doses
at high doses, alpha effects predominate
norepinephrine
alpha1 > alpha2 > beta1
used in hypotension (e.g. sepsis)
isoproterenol
Beta1 = beta2
dopamine
D1 = D2 > Beta > alpha
alpha predominates at high doses
used in CHF to increase contractility and HR
phenylephrine
alpha1 > alpha 1
albuterol
Beta2 > Beta1
used for acute asthma
salmeterol
Beta2 > Beta1
used for chronic asthma and COPD
terbutaline
Beta2 > Beta1
used to decrease uterine contractions
clonidine
alpha 2 agonist
used in hypertensive urgency - causes significant rebound HTN
methyldopa
alpha 2 agonist
used for hypertension in pregnancy
phenoxybenzamine
irreversible nonselective alpha block
treatment of pheochromocytoma
phentolamine
reversible nonselective alpha block
alpha1 blockers
end in “osin”
alpha1 blocker use and toxicity
BPH and HTN
cause 1st dose hypotension and rebound tachycardia
tamsulosin
alpha-1AD selective (specific to prostate) for treatment of BPH
alpha 2 blocker
mertazapine
beta-1 selective antagonists
end in olol, start with A-M
non-selective beta blockers
end in olol; start with N-Z
carvedilol and labetalol
alpha 1 and beta 1 block – decreases HR and BP via peripheral vasodilation
who should you not use beta blockers in
diabetics, cocaine addicts, asthmatics, and COPD
acebutolol and pindolol
weak beta 1 and 2 agonists - because they are so weak, they act as blockers; used in patients with HTN + bradycardia
