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Organisms 1 > Seedless Vascular plants > Flashcards

Seedless Vascular plants Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of seedless vascular plants

A

roots, vasculature, spore reproduction, distinct stems and leaves, stomata, depend on water for reproduction, sporophyte is dominant generation

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2
Q

What is the inversion of generations

A

Instead of the gametophyte being the dominant generation, it is the sporophyte

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3
Q

What does heterosporous mean

A

gametes spores appear different in size: microspores and megaspores

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4
Q

What is a microspore

A

spore structure that ultimately produce a male gamete

- antheridium –> sperm

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5
Q

What is a megaspore

A

spore structure that ultimately produces female gametes

- archegonium –> egg

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6
Q

What is a homosporous lifecycle

A
  • can produce physically distinct male and female gametophytes or can result in a single gametophyte
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7
Q

What is a microphyll

A

simple leaf with a single line of vasculature

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8
Q

What is a megaphyll

A

leaves that have branching vasculature

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9
Q

What is a sporophyll

A

leaf which bears spores

can produce both gender spores on the same leaf

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10
Q

What is a megasporophyll

A

female spore on a leaf

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11
Q

What is a microsporophyll

A

male spore on a leaf

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12
Q

What are the phylums for modern seedless vascular plants

A

lycopodiophyta

monilophyta

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13
Q

What are the groups of lycopodiophyta

A

lycopodium, selaginella, isoetes

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14
Q

What are the groups of monilophyta

A

ferns, equisetum

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of lycopodium

A
  • spirally arranged microphylls
  • sporophylls often arranged radially in a strobilus
  • homosporous
  • only one kind of sporangium which is found within the strobilus
  • spores in the strobilus grow into bisexual gametophytes –> contain both archegonium and antheridia
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16
Q

What is a strobilus

A

spore bearing structure

17
Q

What are the characteristics of selaginella

A
  • microphylls
  • sporophylls arranged in a strobilus
  • heterosporous
  • male gametophyte is tiny and develops within the wall of the microspore
  • at maturity spore wall breaks open and sperm is released
  • archegonia is exposed to the exterior at maturity
18
Q

What are the characteristics of isoetes

A
  • very rare, mainly aquatic
  • heterosporous
  • no strobilus
  • spores are located at the base of the leaves
  • megaspore –>accepting sperm
  • sporophyte grows from the female gametophyte
19
Q

What are the characteristics of ferns

A
  • second largest plant group after angiosperms
  • leaves are entire of finely divided
  • some are epiphytes
  • can grow on rocks, bogs, marshes, water or in the forest
  • the leaves (fronds) are megaphylls
  • stem is a siphonostele
  • mostly homosporous except water ferns
    leaves expand by circinate vernation
20
Q

What is epiphytes

A

grow on side of other plants

21
Q

What is circinate vernation

A

ferns unroll when they grow

22
Q

What is the fern reproduction

A
  • spores are produced in sporangia
23
Q

What is the sporangia

A

found on the undersides of the leaves or on the margins of the leaf

24
Q

What are fertile fronds

A

sporophyll leaves

25
Q

what is the indusium

A

sorus covered with a membranous cover

26
Q

What is the fern sporangium

A

unevenly thickened cells of the annulus snap open when the air is dry releasing the spores to the wind

27
Q

What are the characteristics of Equisetum (Horsetails)

A
  • jointed, hollow stems
  • contain silica in stems
  • can be branched or unbranched with reduced leaves
  • the strobili is either on the tips of vegetative stems or on separate non-photosynthetic fertile stems
  • stem is a hollow siphonostele
  • umbrella-like sporangiophores have several sporangia hanging from them
  • spores have elaters which uncoil when air is dry and help them float on the wind
28
Q

What is a sorus

A

group of spores

Organisms 1 (10 decks)

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