Cellular Movement

Question 1

What is bulk flow

Answer 1

water molecules moving together as a group as a result of potential energy

Question 2

What is the water potential

Answer 2

potential energy of water

Question 3

what is the hydrostatic pressure

Answer 3

measures in terms of pressure required to stop the bulk flow of water

Question 4

why is water rarely pure

Answer 4

exists as a mix of solutes and solvent

Question 5

What is a solute

Answer 5

substances dissolved into solution

Question 6

What is a solvent

Answer 6

main component of the solution

Question 7

What is diffusion

Answer 7

movement of solute molecules in a solvent in order to result in the equal distribution of solute molecules in the solvent

Question 8

What is a concentration gradient

Answer 8

differences on solute concentration over a distance

Question 9

What is osmosis

Answer 9

movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane

higher water potential to lower water potential

Question 10

What is osmotic pressure

Answer 10

pressure required to stop water movement resulting from osmosis
- what helps keep plant cell turgid

Question 11

Which compounds can freely diffuse across plasma membrane

Answer 11

some gasses and small uncharged molecules

Question 12

What are integral membrane proteins

Answer 12

• very selective proteins

- specialized in transporting compounds

Question 13

What are the two classes of integral membrane proteins

Answer 13

facilitated transport, active transport

Question 14

What is facilitated transport

Answer 14

• type of passive transport

- generally follows an electrochemical gradient

Question 15

What are the two types of facilitated transport

Answer 15

Channel, carriers

Question 16

What are channel proteins

Answer 16

• water filled pores that extend across the plasma membrane

- open and close to allow passage of solutes

Question 17

What does gating the channel mean

Answer 17

closing the passage of solutes

Question 18

What is Aquaporin

Answer 18

• open channel protein specialized in the transport of water across plasma membrane
• allows for rapid passage of water into or out of the cell

Question 19

What are carrier proteins

Answer 19

type of cotransport

Question 20

What is symport

Answer 20

two solutes moving down their electrochemical gradient in the same direction

Question 21

What is antiport

Answer 21

two solutes moving down their electrochemical gradient in opposite directions

Question 22

What is Active transport

Answer 22

uses energy to transport compounds

Question 23

What are the two types of active transport

Answer 23

primary active transport,

secondary active transport

Question 24

What is primary active transport

Answer 24

ATP directly spent to pass another compound across the plasma membrane

Question 25

What is secondary active transport

Answer 25

type of cotransport | - one solute carried down its electrochemical gradient and one is carried against its electrochemical gradient

Question 26

What are the systems to transport large molecules

Answer 26

vesicles | plasmodesmata

Question 27

What is a vesicle

Answer 27

an invagination of the plasma membrane to construct a circular transport structure

Question 28

What are the 3 main roles

Answer 28

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 29

What is phagocytosis

Answer 29

- cell-eating - example of endosymbiosis - containment of very large macromolecules and other organic debris for breakdown

Question 30

What is pinocytosis

Answer 30

cell-drinking | - example of endosymbiosis

Question 31

What is receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 31

- specific membrane proteins serve as receptors - respond to specific signals by forming a vesicle around the received molecules - help guide vesicle to specific destination

Question 32

what are coated vesicles

Answer 32

specialized peripheral proteins

Question 33

What is the plasmodesmata

Answer 33

- narrow strands of cytoplasm that connect the protoplasts of neighbouring cells

Question 34

What are the three main pathways of movement between cells

Answer 34

symplastic, apoplastic, transcellular

Question 35

What is symplastic transport

Answer 35

- through the cytoplasm - crosses through plasmodesmata - passive

Question 36

What is apoplastic transport

Answer 36

- through the cell wall matrix - cannot pass casparian strip passive

Question 37

What is the Casparian strip

Answer 37

cell that limits the uptake of water into the vasculature of higher plants

Question 38

What is transcellular transport

Answer 38

- passes through the vacuole - crosses with membrane transporters - active