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Organisms 1 > Cellular Movement > Flashcards

Cellular Movement Flashcards

1
Q

What is bulk flow

A

water molecules moving together as a group as a result of potential energy

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2
Q

What is the water potential

A

potential energy of water

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3
Q

what is the hydrostatic pressure

A

measures in terms of pressure required to stop the bulk flow of water

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4
Q

why is water rarely pure

A

exists as a mix of solutes and solvent

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5
Q

What is a solute

A

substances dissolved into solution

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6
Q

What is a solvent

A

main component of the solution

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7
Q

What is diffusion

A

movement of solute molecules in a solvent in order to result in the equal distribution of solute molecules in the solvent

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8
Q

What is a concentration gradient

A

differences on solute concentration over a distance

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9
Q

What is osmosis

A

movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane

higher water potential to lower water potential

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10
Q

What is osmotic pressure

A

pressure required to stop water movement resulting from osmosis
- what helps keep plant cell turgid

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11
Q

Which compounds can freely diffuse across plasma membrane

A

some gasses and small uncharged molecules

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12
Q

What are integral membrane proteins

A
  • very selective proteins

- specialized in transporting compounds

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13
Q

What are the two classes of integral membrane proteins

A

facilitated transport, active transport

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14
Q

What is facilitated transport

A
  • type of passive transport

- generally follows an electrochemical gradient

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15
Q

What are the two types of facilitated transport

A

Channel, carriers

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16
Q

What are channel proteins

A
  • water filled pores that extend across the plasma membrane

- open and close to allow passage of solutes

17
Q

What does gating the channel mean

A

closing the passage of solutes

18
Q

What is Aquaporin

A
  • open channel protein specialized in the transport of water across plasma membrane
  • allows for rapid passage of water into or out of the cell
19
Q

What are carrier proteins

A

type of cotransport

20
Q

What is symport

A

two solutes moving down their electrochemical gradient in the same direction

21
Q

What is antiport

A

two solutes moving down their electrochemical gradient in opposite directions

22
Q

What is Active transport

A

uses energy to transport compounds

23
Q

What are the two types of active transport

A

primary active transport,

secondary active transport

24
Q

What is primary active transport

A

ATP directly spent to pass another compound across the plasma membrane

25
Q

What is secondary active transport

A

type of cotransport

- one solute carried down its electrochemical gradient and one is carried against its electrochemical gradient

26
Q

What are the systems to transport large molecules

A

vesicles

plasmodesmata

27
Q

What is a vesicle

A

an invagination of the plasma membrane to construct a circular transport structure

28
Q

What are the 3 main roles

A

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis

29
Q

What is phagocytosis

A
  • cell-eating
  • example of endosymbiosis
  • containment of very large macromolecules and other organic debris for breakdown
30
Q

What is pinocytosis

A

cell-drinking

- example of endosymbiosis

31
Q

What is receptor-mediated endocytosis

A
  • specific membrane proteins serve as receptors
  • respond to specific signals by forming a vesicle around the received molecules
  • help guide vesicle to specific destination
32
Q

what are coated vesicles

A

specialized peripheral proteins

33
Q

What is the plasmodesmata

A
  • narrow strands of cytoplasm that connect the protoplasts of neighbouring cells
34
Q

What are the three main pathways of movement between cells

A

symplastic, apoplastic, transcellular

35
Q

What is symplastic transport

A
  • through the cytoplasm
  • crosses through plasmodesmata
  • passive
36
Q

What is apoplastic transport

A
  • through the cell wall matrix
  • cannot pass casparian strip
    passive
37
Q

What is the Casparian strip

A

cell that limits the uptake of water into the vasculature of higher plants

38
Q

What is transcellular transport

A
  • passes through the vacuole
  • crosses with membrane transporters
  • active

Organisms 1 (10 decks)

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