Respiration

Question 1

What is the unit of chemical energy

Answer 1

ATP

Question 2

What is respiration

Answer 2

production of ATP from glucose and oxygen

Question 3

How much ATP is produced from 1 glucose molecule

Answer 3

38 ATP molecules

Question 4

What are the three components of respiration

Answer 4

glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC

Question 5

Where does glycolysis take place

Answer 5

in the cytosol

Question 6

what are the two distinct phases of glycolysis

Answer 6

preparatory phase & payoff phase

Question 7

What is the process of the preparatory phase

Answer 7

• glucose –> glucose 6 phosphate –> fructose 6 phosphate –> fructose 1,6 biphosphate –> 2 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate produced
• 2 ATP consumed

Question 8

What is the process of the payoff phase

Answer 8

• 2 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate –> 2 1,3-biphosphoglycerate –> 2 d-phosphoglycerate –> 2 2-phosphoglycerate –> 2 2-phosphoenol phosphate –> 2 pyruvate produced
• 4 ATP, 2 NADH produced

Question 9

What is another name for the Krebs cycle

Answer 9

Citric acid cycle

Question 10

What are the characteristics of the krebs cycle

Answer 10

• situated in the mitochondrion

- circular reaction

Question 11

What is the process of compounds in the krebs cycle

Answer 11

1 pyruvate is converted to acetyl coenzyme A –> citrate –> isocitrate –> ketoglutarate –> succinyl CoA –> Succinate –> fumarate –> malate –> 1 oxaloacetate
- produces for 1 acetyl coenzyme A: 2 CO2, 3 NADH, 2 FADH2, 1 ATP

Question 12

Where does the electron transport chain take place

Answer 12

in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 13

What is the overall explanation of the electron transport chain

Answer 13

transfer of electrons from NADH to O2 producing H2O and powering three separate proton pumps. generates electrochemical gradient gradient which powers an ATP synthase

Question 14

What are the 3 integral membrane proteins

Answer 14

complex I, III, IV

Question 15

What is happening in the complex I - NADH-CoQ reductase

Answer 15

• two electrons removed from NADH

- 4 protons moved across the inner membrane into the intermembrane space

Question 16

What is happening between complex 1 and complex 3

Answer 16

coenzyme Q moves electrons gathered from NADH

Question 17

What is happening in Complex III (cytochrome bc1)

Answer 17

• two electrons transferred to cytochrome c compound within intermembrane space
• 3 protons moved into intermembrane space

Question 18

What is happening in the complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase)

Answer 18

• electrons from cytochrome c travel through complex IV –> 4 H+ into intermediate space
• production of 2 water molecules

Question 19

Where is the ATP synthase found

Answer 19

in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 20

What is respiration without oxygen

Answer 20

anaerobic respiration

Question 21

What is the process of anaerobic respiration

Answer 21

• glycolysis proceeds and generates 2 pyruvate but no krebs cycle or ETC
• 2 ATP produced, NAD+ recovered as NADH

Question 22

What is difference in ATP for aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Answer 22

aerobic = 38 ATP
anaerobic = 2 ATP

Question 23

What are the two classifications of anaerobic respiration

Answer 23

• alcohol & lactic acid fermentation