Seed Plants Flashcards
What are the characteristics of seed plants?
Heterosporous and greatly reduced gametophytes
What does Heterosporous mean?
Different spores
What are the different spores in seed plants?
megaspores and microspores
Do seed plants follow the trend of the reduction of the gametophyte?
yes
Male gametophyte is dispersed by _______ or ________
wind or animals
What is a seed?
a well-protected resting stage that often contains food for the embryo
Most modern seed plants have no swimming _________
Gametes
Most modern seed plants do not require _______ _______ for fertilization
liquid water
What is the name of the nutritive tissue in a seed?
Endosperm
What does Gymnosperms mean
Naked Seeds
The Gymnosperms where once ____________ _________ on earth
dominant vegetation
The Gymnosperms still dominate forests in the northern parts of the ___________ and at ___________
Northern Hemisphere; high elevations
What are the 5 surviving gymnosperm phyla?
Cycadophyta
Ginkgophyta
Cupressophyta
Gnetophyta
Pinophyta
What is an example of Cycadophyta
cycads or sago “palms”
What is an example of Ginkgophyta
ginkgoes
What is an example of Cupressophyta
redwoods, junipers, yews
What is an example of Gnetophyta
gnetophytes
What is an example of Pinophyta
conifers
Ginkgophyta are ______ and _______ trees
male; female
Ginkgophyta are all __________ from tree in Japanese temple garden, 17th century
descended
In the Gymnosperm life cycles, what is the confider example?
naked seeds are produced on the scales of female cones
Pollen cones are ________ than seed cones
smaller
How is pollen transferred in a gymnosperm?
Pollen is transferred by wind
What is the microspore?
The sperm
What is the megaspore?
The egg
What are the flowering plants called?
The Angiosperms
What distinguishes the the Angiosperms?
Double Fertilization
What does double fertilization results in?
A triploid endosperm (nutritive tissue)
Angiosperms are characterized by the production of _______ and _______
flowers; fruits
Ovules and seeds are enclosed by a ________
carpel
Flowers are made up of various combinations of _______ (female), ______ (male), _______, and _______
carpels, stamens, petals, and sepals
Where are carpels found in flowering plants?
Female
Where are stamens found in flowering plants?
Male
“____________” have both carpels and stamens
Perfect flowers
__________ plant species have both female and male flowers on one plant
Monoecious
In ___________ species, male and female plants are separate
dioecious
What are two major lineages of flowering plants
Monocots and Eudicots
What are monocots?
one cotyledon; flower parts in 3s or multiples
What are eudicots
two cotyledons; flower parts in 4s, 5s, or multiples
What is a cotyledon?
embryonic “seed leaf”
What are some examples of monocots?
palm trees, grasses (corn, wheat, rye, barley) lilies, and orchids
What are some examples of dioecious?
cactus, rose, flowering, dogwood, apple, peas, sunflower
Do monocots have parallel veins or branching veins?
parallel
Do eudicots have parallel veins or branching veins?
branching
As fruits mature, the ovary wall develops into a _________ that surrounds the seed or seeds.
pericarp
Flowering plants have __________ with animals
coevolved
Flowers attract pollinators with ________, __________, and ________
shapes, colors, and odors
_________ predicted this orchid would be pollinated by a moth with a very long proboscis
Darwin
What are simple fruit? Example?
Develops from a single flower with one carpel; Cherry
What are aggregate fruit? Example?
Develops from a single flower with many separate carpel; Blackberry
What are multiple fruit? Example?
Develops from a many flower with many carpel; Pineapple
What are some examples of pollinators?
Bees, butterflys, hummingbirds, and bats
