Fungi Flashcards
Fungi ____________ in the biosphere
degrade dead organic matter
Fungi are __________ of almost all vascular plants
nutritional partners
Some fungi are serious ________ of plants and animals
pathogens
Fungi are ____________ with absorptive nutrition.
heterotrophic eukaryotes
Fungi can be _____, _______, _______
saprobes, parasites, or mutualists
What are saprobes?
obtains carbon & energy from dead organic matter
Some fungi called yeasts are ____________
unicellular
Other fungi are composed of _________-walled, multinucleate hyphae, often massed to form a _______
chitinous; hyphae; mycelium
Filamentous_________ give fungi a large surface area–to–volume ratio
hyphae
The hyphae usually have incomplete partitions called what?
s. septum; pl. septa
The hyphae usually have incomplete partitions that __________ them into separate cells.
do not divide
Fungi reproduce asexually by means of what? (4 ways)
spores
conidia
budding
fragmentation
In fungi, where do the spores form at?
spores formed within sporangia
In fungi, where does the conidia formed at?
conidia formed at the tips of hyphae
Fungi reproduce sexually when ___________________ meet and fuse
hyphae or motile cells of different mating types
In addition to haploid and diploid states, many fungi demonstrate a third nuclear condition: the _______________.
heterokaryotic state
What is the heterokaryotic state in fungi?
cell containing two genetically different nuclei; n + n
Kingdom Fungi phyla include? (4)
Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota
How do the fungi phyla differ?
reproductive structure mechanisms of spore formation
presence and form of septa in their hyphae.
Phylum Chytridiomycota
Chytrids, with flagellated ______________
Aquatic; _________ or saprobes
spores and gametes
parasites
How do Zygomycota reproduce?
asexually and/or sexually, by fusion of gametangia
What is the reproductive structure of Ascomycota and what does it contain?
The sexual reproductive structure of ascomycetes is an ascus containing ascospores.
What are the most popular Ascomycota?
Yeast and Penicillium
Some Ascomycota are lichen-formers
Others called ______________ fungi
“sac” or “cup”
What some other Ascomycota?
Some ascomycetes form large multicellular fruiting bodies
Edible morels
Cup fungi
What is the reproductive structure of Basidiomycota and what does it contain?
The sexual reproductive structure of basidiomycetes is a basidium, a swollen cell bearing basidiospores.
Where is the basidia located in a Basidiomycota fungi?
basidia located on gills of mushroom
What are the different types of Basidiomycota?
bracket or shelf fungi
Puffballs
“mushroom” is _____________; most of the fungus is _________________________ organism
reproductive structure; underground or in decaying
_____________, associations of fungi with plant roots, enhance the ability of the roots to absorb water and nutrients.
Mycorrhizae
__________ are mutualistic combinations of a fungus (e.g. an ascomycete) with a cyanobacterium or a green alga
Lichens
Lichens: 3 body forms
Crustose
Foliose
Fruticose
Crustose is what?
crustlike
Foliose is what?
leafy
Fruticose is what?
shrubby
