Prokaryote Flashcards
In the word “Prokaryote” mean?
Pro = before, karyon = nucleus
In Prokaryotes they have; no _______, no _________, no __________
nucleus; organelles; cytoskeleton
What are the three domains of life?
1) Bacteria and 2) Archaea (both prokaryotes), and 3) Eukarya
In Bacteria, _______ collection of many species
Diverse
In Bacteria, So widespread we have only ___________ about their ecology
generalizations
In Bacteria, Key to success is _____________
metabolic diversity
More _________- in your gut than all people who ever lived
bacteria
What are the important biosphere functions in bacteria?
Cycle nutrients (decomposers)
Some trap energy from sun or chemicals
Some help animals digest food
What are the four common bacteria shapes?
coccus, cocci
bacillus, bacilli
vibrio, vibrios
spirillum, spirilla [rigid]; spirochaetes [flexible]
What type of shape is coccus, cocci?
Spheres
What type of shape is bacillus, bacilli?
Rods
What type of shape is vibrio, vibrios?
Comma-shaped
What type of shape isspirillum, spirilla [rigid]; spirochaetes [flexible]?
Spirals
What is the anatomy of a bacteria?
No nucleus; a supercoiled chromosome
Plasma membrane; most have a wall, too Cytoplasm contains ribosomes
Most bacteria have a cell wall of ____________(amino sugar polymer)
peptidoglycan
Some bacteria also have __________- capsule
polysaccharide
Gram staining separates most into two groups and they are?
Gram-positive and gram-negative
What is a gram-positive tell?
stain blue to purple; thick exterior peptidoglycan layer
What is a gram-negative tell?
stain pink to red; thin peptidoglycan within lipopolysaccharide envelope
Some bacteria have rotating _________ made of protein _________
flagella; flagellin
Some bacterial cells have ________ (shorter, hairlike) for __________ to other cells or surfaces
fimbriae; adhering
In bacterial reproduction, ______ replicates first
DNA
In bacterial reproduction, Cells divide by _______ (asexual)
fission
Bacteria may exchange DNA fragments which is called?
conjugation
pick up DNA from environment which is what?
transformation
__________ rate means prokaryotes can evolve quickly
Rapid reproductive
What are the different types of bacterial metabolism?
Obligate anaerobes Facultative anaerobes
Obligate aerobes
What is Obligate anaerobes?
cannot live if O2 present
What is Facultative anaerobes?
shift between anaerobic & aerobic modes